Inhibition of saturated very-long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis by mefluidide and perfluidone,selective inhibitors of 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthases |
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| Affiliation: | 1. BASF SE, Crop Protection, Speyerer Str. 2, 67117 Limburgerhof, Germany;2. Metanomics GmbH, Tegeler Weg 33, 10589 Berlin, Germany;1. College of Life Sciences, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, 334001, China;2. Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, China;3. Institute of Genetics and Breeding, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, China;1. College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai''an, 271018, Shandong, PR China;2. Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai''an, 271018, Shandong, PR China;1. Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK;2. The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK;3. Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK;4. Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK;5. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland;6. Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;7. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK;1. Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;2. College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China |
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| Abstract: | The trifluoromethanesulphonanilides mefluidide and perfluidone are used in agriculture as plant growth regulators and herbicides. Despite the fact that mefluidide and perfluidone have been investigated experimentally for decades, their mode of action is still unknown. In this study, we used a cascade approach of different methods to clarify the mode of action and target site of mefluidide and perfluidone. Physiological profiling using an array of biotests and metabolic profiling in treated plants of Lemna paucicostata suggested a common mode of action in very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) synthesis similar to the known 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS) inhibitor metazachlor. Detailed analysis of fatty acid composition in Lemna plants showed a decrease of saturated VLCFAs after treatment with mefluidide and perfluidone. To study compound effects on enzyme level, recombinant KCSs from Arabidopsis thaliana were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Enzyme activities of seven KCS proteins from 17 tested were characterized by their fatty acid substrate and product spectrum. For the KCS CER6, the VLCFA product spectrum in vivo, which consists of tetracosanoic acid, hexacosanoic acid and octacosanoic acid, is reported here for the first time. Similar to metazachlor, mefluidide and perfluidone were able to inhibit KCS1, CER6 and CER60 enzyme activities in vivo. FAE1 and KCS2 were inhibited by mefluidide only slightly, whereas metazachlor and perfluidone were strong inhibitors of these enzymes with IC50 values in μM range. This suggests that KCS enzymes in VLCFA synthesis are the primary herbicide target of mefluidide and perfluidone. |
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