基于生态系统服务的生态补偿政策制定探讨

生态补偿是促进生态保护、协调区域发展的有效手段，生态系统服务理论和方法为制定多元化生态补偿政策提供了科学基础，科学理解生态系统服务在解决生态补偿核心问题上的优势和不足，对于优化生态补偿政策具有重要意义，也是生态学、地理学与社会经济学等多学科交叉的研究前沿和热点。在综合分析相关研究成果的基础上，总结了基于生态系统服务的生态补偿研究技术方法，评述了相关研究和实践应用的进展和不足，并针对生态补偿的核心问题探讨了未来研究思路和方向，包括将生态系统服务流与生态补偿政策制定的结合研究，参照思路方向设计了基于生态系统服务的生态补偿政策制定流程框架，为后期相关研究提供了理论和方法参考。

Discussion on policy formulation of ecological compensation based on ecosystem services

Ecosystem services depend on the natural conditions of the background, and the level of social and economic development between regions makes obvious differences in the degree of natural land use, which leads to the spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem services. There is a spatial mismatch between the supply and demand of ecosystem services, which leads to a spillover effect of ecosystem services. Ecological compensation is a method that uses economic means to solve the ecological benefit externalities caused by the failure of market mechanisms and to maintain fairness in social development, which has been an effective countermeasure to solve the spillover effect of ecosystem services and an effective means to promote ecological protection and coordinate regional development. The theory and method of ecosystem services provide a scientific basis for formulating diversified ecological compensation policies, which obtained through the value of ecosystem services can maximize ecological benefits and is the best type of compensation in theory. In particular, the proposal and application of the theory of ecosystem service flow provides more scientific and technical support for the design of multilevel ecological compensation policies. Therefore, the scientific understanding of advantages and disadvantages of ecosystem services in solving the core issues of ecological compensation is of great significance for optimizing ecological compensation policies, which is also the research frontier and hot spot of ecology, geography and social economics. On the basis of comprehensive analysis of relevant domestic and foreign literature, this study summarized the research techniques and methods of ecological compensation based on ecosystem services and reviewed the progress and shortcomings of relevant researches and practical applications. The result points out that the current ecological compensation is mainly vertical compensation, and the horizontal compensation is rarely applied in practice. The application of ecosystem service flow to the formulation of ecological compensation has great potential, but the current researches still cannot meet the needs of the formulation of ecological compensation policy, and the exploration of the process mechanism of ecosystem service flow should be strengthened in the later research. The evaluation of the effect of ecological compensation policy is not enough, and it is necessary to improve the ecological compensation policy according to the compensation effect. In view of the core issues of ecological compensation, this study puts forward suggestions for future research and practice from the aspects of top-level design of ecological compensation policy, exploitation of ecosystem service application potential and exploration of ecosystem service flow process mechanism, and discusses future research ideas and directions, including the combination of ecosystem service flow and ecological compensation policy formulation. Finally, a process framework of ecological compensation policy formulation based on ecosystem services is designed with reference to the future research ideas and directions, which will provide theoretical and methodological reference for the later related research and help promote the theoretical development of ecological compensation and ecosystem services.