宁夏枸杞雄性不育花药中胼胝质动态变化特征

胼胝质是以β-1,3键结合的葡聚糖，其形成的壁结构只发生在特定组织。当其提前或延迟降解时，会导致花粉败育，明确胼胝质的沉积动态规律对探究雄性不育机理及利用枸杞雄性不育具有重要意义。本研究以宁夏枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.)可育系‘宁杞1号’与不育系‘宁杞5号’为实验材料，采用半薄切片技术，并利用苯胺蓝和标记胼胝质的方法和高碘酸-希夫反应(Periodic Acid-Schiff stain, PAS)，在光学显微镜下对比观察了不同发育时期的宁夏枸杞可育和不育花药中胼胝质的动态变化特征，分析了胼胝质对不育系花药败育的影响。结果显示，小孢子母细胞时期，可育和不育花药小孢子母细胞外沉积形成厚薄不均的胼胝质壁，荧光反应显示减数分裂形成四分体后，胼胝质壁逐渐增厚。随着花药的进一步发育，可育花药中四分体外胼胝质壁逐渐解体、消失，释放出四个小孢子。而不育花药中四分体外的胼胝质壁不断增厚，并没有出现降解迹象，直至开花，药室中小孢子仍以四分体状态存在，已经变形、解体的四分体外仍包裹着胼胝质壁。胼胝质降解异常是导致宁夏枸杞花粉败育的结构原因。本文进一步对不育系四分体胼胝质壁未发生降解的原因进行了分析，为解析宁夏枸杞雄性不育机理提供理论基础。

Characteristics of Dynamic Changes of Callose in Male Sterile Anthers of Lycium barbarum L.

Callose is a beta-1, 3-bonded glucan that forms a wall structure that occurs only in certain tissues. When it is degraded prematurely or delayed, it will lead to pollen abortion. It is important to clarify the dynamic law of callose deposition for exploring the mechanism of male sterility and using barbary wolfberry male sterility. In this study, using Lycium barbarum L. fertile line ‘Ningqi 1’ and sterile line ‘Ningqi 5’ as experimental materials, using half thin slice technology, and using aniline blue mark callose and high iodine acid-shiff reaction (Periodic Acid-Schiff stain, PAS), under the optical microscope comparison and sterile lines Lycium barbarum L. anthers different development lose dynamic characteristics, and analyzed the influence of callose on sterile anther abortion. The results showed that in the period of microspore mother cell, both the fertile lines and the sterile lines could form a red callose wall, and the fluorescent reaction indicates that the corpus callose wall gradually thickened after the further development of the anther, the corpus callose wall gradually disintegrated and disappeared, releasing four microspores, while the callose wall of the sterile anthers continuously thickened without degradation, up to flowering , the deformed and disintegrated four branches still cover the callose wall, and the microspores still exist in the quad state. Abnormal callose degradation is the structural cause of pollen abortion in Lycium barbarum L. This paper further analyzed the reasons for the absence of callose wall degradation of the sterile line tetrad, which provides a theoretical basis for analyzing the mechanism of male sterility of Lycium barbarum L.