Associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone and calcium with cardiovascular risk factors: analysis of 3 NHANES cycles (2001-2006) |
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Authors: | Fraser Abigail Williams Dylan Lawlor Debbie A |
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Institution: | Department of Social Medicine, Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom. Abigail.fraser@bristol.ac.uk |
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Abstract: | BackgroundIncreasing evidence suggests a role for mineral metabolism in cardiovascular disease risk. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcium may be directly associated with cardiovascular risk factors or mediated by each other.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe combined data for adult participants in three cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001–2, 2003–4, 2005–6), a representative sample of the civilian, non-institutionalized US population (N?=?3,958). Using this data we examined joint associations of 25(OH)D, PTH and calcium with a range of cardiovascular risk factors. 25(OH)D was inversely associated with fasting insulin (mean difference in insulin per 1 standard deviation 25(OH)D: ?0.053 (95%CI: ?0.091, ?0.015)), glucose (?0.046 95%CI: ?0.081, ?0.012) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (?0.032 95%CI: ?0.062, ?0.001), and positively associated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol HDL-c (0.088 95%CI: 0.044, 0.148), after adjustment for ethnicity, smoking, socio-economic status and waist circumference. PTH was positively associated with diastolic blood pressure (0.110, 95%CI: 0.055, 0.164) in confounder adjusted models, but was not associated with other cardiovascular risk factors. Albumin adjusted calcium was associated with triglycerides (0.102 95%CI: 0.063, 0.141), postload glucose (0.078, 95%CI: 0.025, 0.130), fasting insulin (0.074, 95%CI: 0.044, 0.104), HbA1c (0.070, 95%CI: 0.036, 0.105), SBP (0.064, 95%CI: 0.028, 0.100), fasting glucose (0.055, 95%CI: 0.018, 0.092) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.052, 95%CI: 0.014, 0.091). With mutual adjustment for each other, these associations remained essentially unchanged.Conclusions/SignificanceLower levels of 25(OH)D and higher levels of calcium and PTH appear to be associated with different cardiovascular risk factors and may therefore affect cardiovascular disease risk through different mechanisms. |
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