Feedback inhibition of fatty acid synthesis in tobacco suspension cells

The flux through many metabolic pathways is regulated through feedback inhibition on regulatory enzymes by endproducts of the pathway. Whether feedback inhibition occurs in fatty acid synthesis in plants has been investigated. The addition of exogenous oleic acid, in the form of oleoyl-Tween (Tween-18:1) caused a three- to fivefold decrease in the rate of 1-¹⁴C]acetate incorporation into tobacco suspension cell fatty acids. The decrease in acetate incorporation occurred rapidly upon addition of Tween-18:1 and appeared to be specific for fatty acid synthesis. In order to elucidate possible regulatory steps involved in the feedback regulation of fatty acid synthesis in plant cells, tobacco cell acyl-ACP intermediates were analyzed using a combination of 1-¹⁴C]acetate labeling and immunoblot analysis. Within 30 min of exogenous lipid addition, acetyl-ACP increased and long chain acyl-ACP decreased, whereas medium chain acyl-ACP levels remained constant. These acyl-ACP profiles observed during the feedback inhibition were those predicted to occur under conditions where the flux through fatty acid synthesis is decreased due to limiting levels of malonyl-CoA and therefore indicated that acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) was centrally involved in the feedback regulation of fatty acid synthesis. Immunoblot analysis showed that ACCase protein levels did not change during the feedback inhibition, indicating that the feedback inhibition of fatty acid synthesis in plant cells occurs through biochemical or post-translational modification of ACCase and possibly other fatty acid synthesis enzymes.