秦岭川金丝猴的昼间活动时间分配

1999年12月至2004年11月，通过野外直接跟踪观察，采用焦点取样和瞬时记录的方法，对秦岭川金丝猴西梁猴群的昼间活动时间分配进行了研究。将川金丝猴的昼间活动定义为摄食、休息、理毛、移动和其他行为5 种类型，结果发现：川金丝猴昼间活动中有两个摄食高峰，分别在每天的上午和下午，中午有一个较长时间的休息期。川金丝猴昼间的主要行为类型是摄食和休息（约占全部活动时间的62%），各种行为依所占时间比例依次为：摄食（34.64 ± 1.70%）、休息（26.83 ± 1.69%）、理毛（11.58 ± 0.96%）、移动（18.93 ±1.08%）和其他行为（8.02 ± 0.82%）。在不同季节各种行为类型所占时间比例有明显的变化，表现为摄食和休息行为占昼间活动时间比例在夏（75.00%）、秋季（74.15%） 大于春（52.74%）、冬季（56.64%）；而移动、理毛和其他行为所占时间比例之和在夏（25.00%）、秋季（ 25.85%） 则明显小于冬（ 43.4%）、春季（47.3%）。不同季节间的活动时间分配经非参数检验（ Kruskal Wallis H test，N = 199），理毛行为（ x² =11.438，df = 3，P < 0.05）有显著差异，摄食（x² = 20.469，df = 3，P < 0.01）、休息（x² = 27.235，df = 3，P < 0.01）、移动（x² = 24.110，df = 3，P < 0.01） 和其他行为（ x² = 60.810，df = 3，P < 0.01） 季节间差异非常显著；除摄食行为外，其余各行为类型的时间分配在不同性别-年龄组间也存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。

Diurnal activity budgets of the Sichuan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in the Qinling Mountains of China

The diurnal activity budgets of wild Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in Yuhuangmiao, Qinling Mountains,were observed using a modified version of traditional focal and instantaneous sampling between December 1999 and November 2004. Monkeys spent the majority of their time feeding and resting,34. 64% and 26. 83% of all activities respectively. The other activities were grooming (11.58%), locomotion (18.93%) and other behaviors (8.02%). Time, season and age-sex class were observed to influence the activity budgets of the subjects. Feeding activityof the study group showed two peaks,one in the early morning(8:00 -10:00),and the other in the afternoon (16:00- 18:00). A resting peak was observed around noon (12:00 -14:00). A greater proportion of time was spent feeding and resting in the summer (75.00%) and autumn (74.15%) than in the spring (52.74%) and winter (56.64%). Juveniles and infants spent more time in locomotion and other behaviors than did adult subjects. Kruskal-Wallis H test of various activities showed a significant difference in feeding,resting,locomotion and other behaviors(P < 0.01),and in grooming (P < 0.05) among seasons. For each age-sex class,only feeding behavior showed no significant difference (P >0.05) among seasons,the other activities showed a significant difference (P < 0. 05).