Relationship between ion distribution and membrane potential during a steady state |
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Authors: | Daniel L Gilbert |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Physiology, Albany Medical College of Union University, Albany, New York;(2) Present address: Department of Physiology, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
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Abstract: | Equations were derived showing the relationship between the membrane potential and the quantities which influence it under
steady state conditions. Essentially, the membrane potential is caused by the valence and concentration of the non-permeating
ions. The permeating ions can modify the membrane potential by altering the relative concentration of the non-permeating ions
with respect to the concentration of the permeating ions.
For muscle, the sodium cations act as the non-permeating ions in the extracellular environment by the maintenance of some
type of active metabolic process and large anions act as the non-permeating ions in the intracellular environment. Both of
these non-permeating ions contribute about equally to the maintenance of the resting membrane potential. When the active metabolic
process for sodium extrusion breaks down or when acids are added, the membrane potential should decrease. Water should enter
the cell when the sodium metabolic process is diminished; water should leave the cell when acids are added. When acid is added,
it is expected that the cations potassium and sodium will leave the cell with little or no shift of the chloride ions. |
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