青海省果洛大武地区高原鼠兔生态学初步研究

高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)是青藏高原上小型兽类的优势种。对高原鼠兔生态学的研究,以往已有许多报道(张洁、王宗祎,1963;张荣祖、王宗祎,1964;皮南林,1965;施银柱等,1978;梁杰荣等,1978;肖运峰等,1979;王祖望等,1979),但关于青海南部高原(以下简称青南高原)本种的报道很少。1964-1965年,我们在青南高原的果洛大武地区,进行了高原鼠兔生态学调查,1980年又作了补充调查,现将所得资料整理出来,以供参考。

PRELIMINARY RESEARCH ON ECOLOGY OF THE PLATEAU PICA AT DAWU AREA,GUOLUO, QINGHAI PROVINCE

This paper deals the ecological survey of the plateau pica (Ochctona cursoniae), it was carried out in the alpine meadow of Dawu area, Guoluo of southern plateau of Qinghai province.The plateau pica prefers herbage and the average fresh herbage taken everyday was 62.78g. They damage grass and so seriously that secondary bare lands may be formed. In the light harm area, it is 15.54 percent cf the total area and 10.46kg of fresh herbage may be lost every mu. In serious areas gererally so called "Black sands" may be formed, lacking any plants. The plateau pick breed only once a year in this area. The pregnancy period is from the last ten days of April to the middle ten days cf July. The peak of pregnancy is in May, the rate of gestation is 93%. The mean number of embryo is 3.56. In the September of this year, the mean weight of young is 128.81g, which is 90.6% of the adult weight, but the youngs can not breed within the year.The population replacement is rather quickly, and the young get 74.4% of the total population in the later season.The minimum number of the plateau pica is in April and the maximum in July, their reduction begin from November.