不同间作枣园害虫的群落结构与动态

对5种不同间作枣园的害虫群落结构特征进行了研究,结果表明,在不同的间作枣园中,害虫的科、种与个体数是各不相同的,其多样性、均匀度和Berger-Parker指数也有明显差异(p<0.05)。间作牧草或保留杂草的枣园,害虫的科与种以及多样性和均匀度明显(p<0.05)大于间作小麦、大豆和单作枣园,而个体数和Berger-Parker指数则显著(p<0.05)小于单作枣园。枣园害虫个体数的时序动态随季节交替而有明显(p<0.05)的变化,4~8月份害虫的个体数明显(p<0.05)大于3月份、9~10月份。在枣园间作作物、牧草或者适当保留一定数量的杂草,不仅能够充分有效地利用枣园的空间和自然资源,而且增加了生物的多样性,改善了枣园的生态环境,同时提高了有害生物相互制约的能力和枣园单位面积的纯收入。

The structure and dynamics of pest insect communities in jujube sites of different intercropped systems

Studies on the structure and dynamics of pest insect communities in five jujube sites with different Intercropped systems were conducted in the suburb of Taigu County, Shanxi Province, China from 2000~2002. There were different numbers of families, species and individuals of pest insects, as well as different indices of diversity, evenness and Berger-Parker in the jujube sites of different intercropped. There were larger (p<0.05) numbers of families and species in the jujube site with herbage and weeds than in those with wheat, soybean and mono-cultivated jujube site. The smallest (p<0.05) numbers of pest insect individuals were found in the jujube site with herbage and weeds, the largest (p<0.05) in the mono-cultivated jujube site. Larger (p<0.05) indices of Shannon-Wiener and evenness were recorded from the jujube site with herbage and weeds than in those with wheat, soybean and the mono-cultivated jujube. However, larger (p<0.05) indices of Berger-Parker were in the mono-cultivated jujube site than in the other four jujube sites. The temporal dynamics of the insect pest individuals went through continuous change with the change of seasons. There were larger (p<0.05) numbers of insect pest individuals from April to August than in March, September and October. The results suggested that intercropped crops, herbage or properly remaining weeds were beneficial not only in making full use of field space but also in reducing the number of insect pest individuals and increasing net income in the jujube sites.