植物病毒病媒介昆虫的传毒特性和机制研究进展

植物病毒病是农作物的“癌症”， 至今缺少有效的防治方法。目前已知80%的植物病毒病依赖于媒介昆虫传播， 而媒介昆虫对植物病毒的传播是一个昆虫、 病毒、 寄主植物互作的过程， 历经获毒、 持毒和传毒等多个阶段， 昆虫体内一系列病毒受体或蛋白参与了这个过程。昆虫传播病毒的方式有口针携带式、 前肠保留式和体内循环式3类， 它们各自对应的持久性为非持久性、 半持久性和持久性， 不同昆虫获取这3类病毒的获毒时间、 在体内存留位置和传毒时间也各不相同。 这个过程受到媒介昆虫的性别及龄期、 寄主植物、 环境条件、 昆虫体内共生菌等多种因素的影响。与之相关的蛋白主要有病毒衣壳蛋白(CP)、 次要衣壳蛋白（CPm）、 GroEL蛋白、 辅助因子(HC)和下颚口针蛋白等。近年来对植物病毒基因组的研究也取得了很大的进展， 对昆虫传毒机制的研究正受到越来越广泛的关注。本文综述了近年来该领域内的相关研究进展， 包括昆虫传播植物病毒的传毒方式、 影响传毒效率的因素、 传毒机制特别是昆虫体内与病毒传播可能相关的受体等。

Advances in the characteristics and mechanisms of the transmission of plant viruses by insect vectors

Plant virus diseases are the "cancer" of the crops, and up to now there is still no effective method to control them. Currently 80% of the known plant virus diseases depend on insect vectors, and the transmission of plant viruses by insects is an interaction of insects, viruses and host plants. The procedure of plant virus transmission has several processes, such as acquisition, retention and inoculation, and a series of virus receptors or proteins are involved in the process. The ways of plant virus transmission consist of stylet-borne, foregut-borne and circulative types, which are nonpersistent, semipersistent and persistent, respectively. The acquisition access period, retention site and inoculation access period are different depending on different insect vectors. The procedure can be affected by many factors including sex and age of insect vectors, host plants, environmental conditions, and symbionts of insects. The main related proteins are as follows: coat protein, minor coat protein, GroEL, helper component and underside-jaw protein. In recent years, the research of plant virus genome has made a great progress, and the mechanism of the virus transmission has attracted an extensive attention. This article reviews the recent studies and developments of this field, including the ways of plant virus transmission vectored by insects, the factors influencing the efficiency of virus transmission, and the mechanisms of virus transmission, especially the possible receptors of the insects related to the virus transmission.