Crosstalk of tight junction components with signaling pathways |
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| Authors: | Lorenza Gonzá lez-Mariscal |
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| Affiliation: | Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Ave. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, México D. F. 07360, México |
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| Abstract: | Tight junctions (TJs) regulate the passage of ions and molecules through the paracellular pathway in epithelial and endothelial cells. TJs are highly dynamic structures whose degree of sealing varies according to external stimuli, physiological and pathological conditions. In this review we analyze how the crosstalk of protein kinase C, protein kinase A, myosin light chain kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinases, phosphoinositide 3-kinase and Rho signaling pathways is involved in TJ regulation triggered by diverse stimuli. We also report how the phosphorylation of the main TJ components, claudins, occludin and ZO proteins, impacts epithelial and endothelial cell function. |
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| Keywords: | ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide ARPE-19, human retinal pigment epithelial cell line AsPC-1, human pancreatic cancer cell line BAEC, bovine aortic endothelial cells (primary culture) BBB, blood-brain barrier BPAEC, bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cell line BRB, blood retinal barrier C3, transferase from Clostridium botulinum Caco-2, human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line CAPAN-2, human pancreas epithelial cell line CK2, casein kinase 2 Con8, rat mammary tumor epithelial cell line CRIB, Cdc42 and Rac interaction binding CRM1, chromosomal region maintenance 1 94D, mouse cortical collecting Duct epithelial cell line DAG, diacylglycerol DHT, dihydrotestosterone DiC8, phosphatidyl inositol 3,4,5-triphosphate E2, estradiol EcN, Escherichia coli Nissle ECT2, A guanine nucleotide exchange factor EGF, epidermal growth factor EGTA, ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid EHEC, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli EMT, epithelial mesenchymal transition EPEC, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase FAK, focal adhesion kinase FBS, fetal bovine serum FF, freeze-fracture FGF, fibroblast growth factor FHHNC, familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis GC, guanylate cyclase GEF-H1, A guanine nucleotide exchange factor GPI, glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol GSK-3β, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta HBMEC, human brain microvascular endothelial cell line HepG2, hepatic cell line HGF, hepatocyte growth factor HMEC, human dermal microvascular endothelial cell line HPAEC, human pulmonary artery endothelial cell line HT-29, human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HUVEC, human umbilical cord endothelial cell line ICM, inner cell mass IEC-6, rat small intestine epithelial cell line IFNγ, interferon gamma IL-17, interleukine 17 JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase LC, low calcium (1-5 μM Ca2+) Lgl, lethal giant larva LLC-PK1, pig renal cell line LPA, lysophosphatidic acid MAGUK, membrane-associated guanylate kinase MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase MARCKs, myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase susbstrate MDCK, Madin-Darby canine kidney cell line 2ME, 2 methoxyestradiol ML7, 1-(5-iodonaphthalene 1-sulfonyl)-1H-hexadydro-1,4-iazepine HCl ML9, 1-(5-cloronaphthalene 1-sulfonyl)-1H-hexadydro-1,4-diazepine HCl MLC2, regulatory myosin light chain MYPT, myosin phosphatase target subunit NC, normal calcium (1.8 mM Ca2+) NES, nuclear export signal NLS, nuclear localization signal NO, nitric oxide NOS, nitric oxide synthase N-WASP, neuronal Wiskott Aldrich syndrome protein OmpA, outer membrane protein A PAR-2, protease-activated receptor 2 PB1, Phox and Bem1p PC1, Hamster pancreatic ductal carcinoma cell line PHAII, pseudohypoaldosteronism type two PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase PKA, protein kinase A PKC, protein kinase C PKG, protein kinase G PLC γ, phospholipase C gamma PLGF-1, placental growth factor 1 PLF, polyp-like foci PMA, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate POI, post-flight orthostatic intolerance PP1, protein phosphatase 1 PP2A, protein phosphatase 2A PP2B, protein phosphatase 2B REC, retinal endothelial cells RLE, rat lung endothelial cell line ROMK, apical potassium channel ROS, reactive oxygen species SARA, Smad anchor for receptor activation protein SGLT1, sodium glucose cotransporter T-84, human colorectal carcinoma cell line TAL, thick ascending limb of Henle TEM, transmission electron microscopy TER, transepithelial electrical resistance TGFβ, transforming growth factor beta TJ, tight junction TLR2, Toll-like receptor 2 TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha TPA, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate VAC, vacuolar apical compartment VE-cadherin, endothelial cadherin VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor VEGFR-2, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor WB-F344, rat liver epithelial cell line WNK, with no lysine kinase Zot, zonula occludens toxin |
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