Recent advances in development of marker-free transgenic plants: Regulation and biosafety concern |
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Authors: | Narendra Tuteja Shiv Verma Ranjan Kumar Sahoo Sebastian Raveendar IN Bheema Lingeshwara Reddy |
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Institution: | (1) International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India;(2) Present address: Proteomics and Genomics Lab, Agricultural Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, T6G 2H1 Edmonton, Canada |
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Abstract: | During the efficient genetic transformation of plants with the gene of interest, some selectable marker genes are also used
in order to identify the transgenic plant cells or tissues. Usually, antibiotic- or herbicide-selective agents and their corresponding
resistance genes are used to introduce economically valuable genes into crop plants. From the biosafety authority and consumer
viewpoints, the presence of selectable marker genes in released transgenic crops may be transferred to weeds or pathogenic
microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract or soil, making them resistant to treatment with herbicides or antibiotics, respectively.
Sexual crossing also raises the problem of transgene expression because redundancy of transgenes in the genome may trigger
homology-dependent gene silencing. The future potential of transgenic technologies for crop improvement depends greatly on
our abilities to engineer stable expression of multiple transgenic traits in a predictable fashion and to prevent the transfer
of undesirable transgenic material to non-transgenic crops and related species. Therefore, it is now essential to develop
an efficient marker-free transgenic system. These considerations underline the development of various approaches designed
to facilitate timely elimination of transgenes when their function is no longer needed. Due to the limiting number of available
selectable marker genes, in future the stacking of transgenes will be increasingly desirable. The production of marker-free
transgenic plants is now a critical requisite for their commercial deployment and also for engineering multiple and complex
trait. Here we describe the current technologies to eliminate the selectable marker genes (SMG) in order to develop marker-free
transgenic plants and also discuss the regulation and biosafety concern of genetically modified (GM) crops. |
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