Antidiabetic potential of Caralluma europaea against alloxan-induced diabetes in mice |
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Authors: | Loubna Ait Dra Souad Sellami Hanane Rais Faissal Aziz Abdallah Aghraz Khalid Bekkouche Mohamed Markouk Mustapha Larhsini |
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Institution: | 1. Laboratory of Biotechnology, Protection, and Valorization of Plant Resources, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Medicinal Plants Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, POB 2390, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco;2. Laboratory of Immunohistochemistry, Anatomic Pathology Department, University Hospital Center (CHU) Mohammed the VI th, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech, Morocco;3. Laboratory of Hydrobiology, Ecotoxicology, Sanitation and Global Change (LHEAC, URAC33), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Morocco;4. National Centre for Research and Study on Water and Energy (CNEREE), University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco |
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Abstract: | Medicinal plants play an important role in the management of diabetes mellitus especially in developing countries where resources are lacking. Herbal of natural origin, unlike the synthetic compounds, are more effective, safer and have less side effects. For continuing research on biological properties of Moroccan medicinal plants, the present work was undertaken to evaluate the potential and mechanism of the antidiabetic activity of the Caralluma europaea methanolic extract in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. A high-performance liquid chromatography technique (HPLC) was used to identify and quantify the major phenolic compounds in the methanolic extract. The in vitro antioxidant property was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging method, reducing power and ß-carotene-linoleic acid assays. The acute toxicity of the extract was evaluated by giving it orally to mice at single doses of 200, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg body weight. The antidiabetic effect was conducted on Swiss albino mice. Diabetes was induced with single intraperitonial injection of alloxan monohydrate (200 mg/kg body weight) and animals were treated with methanol extract at a dose of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight. The blood glucose levels were measured and histopathological analysis of pancreas was performed to evaluate alloxan-induced tissue injuries. The main phenols identified and quantified in the extract were ferulic acid, quercetine, 3,4 dihydroxybenzoic acid, rutin, epigallocatechin, and catechin. Ferulic acid was found to be the main phenolic compound ant its proportion was up to 52% of total phenolic compounds, followed by quercetin (36%). The result showed that methanol extract exhibited an antioxidant effect. Acute toxicity studies revealed that C. europaea extract was safe up 2000 mg/kg body weight and approximate LD50 is more than 2000 mg/kg. Moreover, the methanol extract prevented the diabetogenic effect of alloxan and decreased significantly the blood glucose level (P < 0.001) in treated mice. Morphometric study of pancreas revealed that C. europaea extract protected significantly the islets of Langerhans against alloxan-induced tissue alterations. |
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Keywords: | Corresponding author at: Laboratory of Hydrobiology Ecotoxicology Sanitation and Global Change (LHEAC URAC33) Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Morocco Methanolic extract HPLC Antidiabetic Antioxidant activity Acute toxicity |
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