家畜基因组选择研究进展

近年来,随着基因芯片技术的发展与育种技术的进步,动植物的基因组选择成为研究热点。在家畜育种中,基因组选择凭借其准确性高、世代间隔短和育种成本低等优势被应用于各种经济动物的种畜选择中。本文详细介绍了基因分型技术和基因组育种值估计方法(最小二乘法、RR-BLUP法、GBLUP法、ssGBLUP法、贝叶斯A法、贝叶斯B法等),并对这些育种方法选用的标记范围、准确性以及计算速度进行了比较,总结了我国和其他国家基因组选择在种畜选择中的应用情况及存在的问题,展望了目前国内外在基因组选择上的最新研究动态及进展,以期为其他育种工作者进一步了解基因组选择提供参考。

The research progress of genomic selection in livestock

With the development of gene chip and breeding technology, genomic selection in plants and animals has become research hotspots in recent years. Genomic selection has been extensively applied to all kinds of economic livestock, due to its high accuracy, short generation intervals and low breeding costs. In this review, we summarize genotyping technology and the methods for genomic breeding value estimation, the latter including the least square method, RR-BLUP, GBLUP, ssGBLUP, BayesA and BayesB. We also cover basic principles of genomic selection and compare their genetic marker ranges, genomic selection accuracy and operational speed. In addition, we list common indicators, methods and influencing factors that are related to genomic selection accuracy. Lastly, we discuss latest applications and the current problems of genomic selection at home and abroad. Importantly, we envision future status of genomic selection research, including multi-trait and multi-population genomic selection, as well as impact of whole genome sequencing and dominant effects on genomic selection. This review will provide some venues for other breeders to further understand genome selection.