基于线粒体12S rRNA和ND5基因序列的中国飞蝗属3亚种系统发育关系研究

对分布于中国的飞蝗Locusta migratoria Linnaeus 3亚种的线粒体12SrDNA(487bp)和ND5(451bp)基因的部分序列进行测定，与已知全线粒体基因组全序列的非洲飞蝗亚种进行序列比较，并在此基础上对ND5基因，以斑腿蝗科瘤喉蝗Parapodisma mikado为外群，重建MP树。基于序列长度的限制，将两基因联合分析重建了1棵最简约无根树。在对准的4个亚种共有的481bp的12SrDNA和451bp的ND5片断序列比较中，AT含量明显高于GC含量。由序列差异来看，哑洲飞蝗和东亚飞蝗序列相似度高，非洲飞蝗和西藏飞蝗相似度高，ND5基因的MP树和联合树也支持这个结论。由于大陆漂移和青藏高原隆起的特殊地质事件，正好解释了非洲飞蝗和西藏飞蝗的相似性，支持西藏飞蝗为单独1亚种，与非洲飞蝗为同一起源地，与其它2亚种相区别。

The Phylogenetic Relationship among Three Subspecies of the Genus Locusta L.in China Based on Partial Sequences of 12S rRNA and ND5 Gene

The partial 12S rDNA(487 bp)and ND5(451 bp)gene fragments of the three subspecies of Locusta migratoria Linn in China were sequenced. The sequences were aligned to the corresponding segment of L. m. migratorioides and compared to each other. The MP topology was reconstructed from the partial sequence of ND5 with outgroup Parapodisma mikado and an unrooted MP tree was reconstructed based on the combined sequences of 12S rDNA and ND5 from four subspecies. Those sequences all have the character of high AT content, which is consistent with results in other arthropods. Both sequences comparison and MP topology support the similarity of L. m. tibetensis and L. m. migratorioides, and given the geography distribution of them, we conclude the subspecies status of L. m. tibetensis and consider the similarity of L. m. tibetensis and L. m. migratorioides as the result of geological events: continent float and ascent of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. L. m. tibetensis and L. m. migratorioides have the same origin area and differentiate them from the other two subspecies.