Neuronal migration and the role of reelin during early development of the cerebral cortex |
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Authors: | Yves Jossin |
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Institution: | (1) Developmental Neurobiology Unit, University of Louvain Medical School, Brussels, Belgium |
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Abstract: | During development, neurons migrate to the cortex radially from periventricular germinative zones as well as tangentially
from ganglionic eminences. The vast majority of cortical neurons settle radially in the cortical plate. Neuronal migration
requires an exquisite regulation of leading edge extension, nuclear translocation (nucleokinesis), and retraction of trailing
processes. During the past few years, several genes and proteins have been identified that are implicated in neuronal migration.
Many have been characterized by reference to known mechanisms of neuronal and non-neuronal cell migration in culture; however,
probably the most interesting have been identified by gene inactivation or modification in mice and by positional cloning
of brain malformation genes in humans and mice. Although it is impossible to provide a fully integrated view, some patterns
clearly emerge and are the subject of this article. Specific emphasis is placed on three aspects: first, the role of the actin
treadmill, with cyclic formation of filopodial and lamellipodial extensions, in relation to surface events that occur at the
leading edge of radially migrating neurons; second, the regulation of microtubule dynamics, which seems to play a key role
in nucleokinesis; and third, the mechanisms by which the extracellular protein Reelin regulates neuronal positioning at the
end of migration. |
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Keywords: | Reeler Dab1 VLDLR ApoER2 cortical plate actin microtubule Lissencephaly |
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