惠州红树林自然保护区外来入侵植物调查

采用线路调查与样方调查相结合的方法,对惠州红树林自然保护区内好招楼和蟹洲湾两区域内的外来入侵植物进行了调查。两区域均有49种植物,共有外来入侵植物21种,好招楼和蟹洲湾分别有外来入侵植物12和16种,占植物总种数的24.49%和32.65%。其中,在好招楼分布较广的种类有毛花雀稗(Paspalum dilatatum Poir.)、无瓣海桑(Sonneratia apetala Buch.-Ham.)、三裂蟛蜞菊〔Wedelia trilobata(L.)Hitchc.〕和胜红蓟(Ageratum conyzoides L.)等,在蟹洲湾分布广泛的种类有假臭草(Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp)、马缨丹(Lantana camara L.)及胜红蓟等。大多数外来入侵植物原产美洲,其中14.29%作为有用物种有意引入,61.90%随货物和运输工具无意引入,23.81%随风和水流自然传入。外来入侵植物对红树林的直接危害较轻,但对保护区的景观生态和生物多样性有严重威胁。

Investigation of alien invasive plants in Huizhou Mangrove Natural Reserve

The alien invasive plants of two areas of Haozhaolou and Xiezhouwan in Huizhou Mangrove Natural Reserve have been investigated. The results show that 49 species are found in both of Haozhaolou and Xiezhouwan. There are 21 species of alien invasive plants together in these two areas, and 12 species in Haozhaolou and 16 species in Xiezhouwan, which accounts for 24.49% and 32.65% of total species respectively. Paspalum dilatatum Poir., Sonneratia apetala Buch.-Ham., Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc. and Ageratum conyzoides L. distribute widely in Haozhaolou, Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp, Lantana camara L. and A. conyzoides distribute extensively in Xiezhouwan. Many alien invasive plants originate from America.Of which,14.29 % species areintroduced intentionallyas useful species, 61.90% species done unintentionally through goods and transportation facilities, 23.81% species done by wind and water flow. It is concluded that the direct damage to mangrove caused by alien invasive plants is slight, but the threat to ecological landscape and biodiversity of natural reserve is serious.