Incongruent plastid and nuclear DNA phylogenies reveal ancient intergeneric hybridization in Pilosella hawkweeds (Hieracium, Cichorieae, Asteraceae) |
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| Authors: | Fehrer Judith Gemeinholzer Birgit Chrtek Jindrich Bräutigam Siegfried |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 25243 Průhonice, Czech Republic;2. Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany;3. Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Postfach 300154, 02806 Görlitz, Germany;1. Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States;2. Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States;1. Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA;2. Department of Biology, Westfield State University, Westfield, MA, USA;3. Department of Biology, Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, TN, USA;4. Center of Excellence for Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;1. Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China;2. Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China;1. State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China;3. School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou 730030, China;1. Botany Department, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USA;2. The Morton Arboretum, 4100 Illinois Route 53, Lisle, IL 60532, USA;3. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;1. Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Sølvgade 83S, DK-1309 Copenhagen, Denmark;2. Department of Biology, The College of New Jersey, 2000 Pennington Road, Ewing, NJ 08628, USA;3. CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, F-34293 Montpellier Cédex 5, France |
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| Abstract: | Phylogenetic relationships for Hieracium subgen. Pilosella were inferred from chloroplast (trnT-trnL, matK) and nuclear (ITS) sequence data. Chloroplast markers revealed the existence of two divergent haplotype groups within the subgenus that did not correspond to presumed relationships. Furthermore, chloroplast haplotypes of the genera Hispidella and Andryala nested each within one of these groups. In contrast, ITS data were generally in accord with morphology and other evidence and were therefore assumed to reflect the true phylogeny. They revealed a sister relationship between Pilosella and Hispidella and a joint clade of Hieracium subgenera Hieracium and Chionoracium (Stenotheca) while genus Andryala represented a third major lineage of the final ingroup cluster. Detailed analysis of trnT-trnL character state evolution along the ITS tree suggested two intergeneric hybridization events between ancestral lineages that resulted in cytoplasmic transfer (from Hieracium/Chionoracium to Pilosella, and from the introgressed Pilosella lineage to Andryala). These chloroplast capture events, the first of which involved a now extinct haplotype, are the most likely explanation for the observed incongruencies between plastid and nuclear DNA markers. |
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