Application of mathematical models in the spatial analysis of early tree seedling distribution patterns within a treefall gap at Gwangneung Experimental Forest, Korea

A spatial analysis was conducted on the characteristics of seedling recruitment and one-year mortality of two temperate deciduous tree species: Quercus serrata Thunb. ex Murray (QUSE) and Carpinus laxiflora (Siebold & Zucc.) Blume (CALA). A systematic grid of 64 seedling plots was established within a typhoon-induced treefall gap in a rare old-growth deciduous stand at Gwangneung Experimental Forest, South Korea. Inverse model, Ripley’s K function, and semivariogram tools were introduced to examine spatial relationships among seedling recruitment, one-year seedling mortality, and trees. Overall QUSE germinant density more than tripled that of CALA. Results suggest that dispersal patterns differ between the two species: for QUSE, 2Dt model yielded the best fit whereas the lognormal model was best fitted to CALA. Those differences may reflect different regeneration strategies between the two species. One-year mortality rates were similar for QUSE (76.15%) and CALA (72.25%). Mortality for both species exhibited substantial variance that was indicated as autocorrelation by the semivariogram, suggesting that mortality was not random for either species. Tree spatial patterns were also shown to be autocorrelated. Together, the observed spatial patterns in germination and first-year mortality indicate that the single treefall gap is among the factors that maintain the community structure associated with this forest type.