深圳市龙华地区快速城市化过程中的景观结构研究——林地的结构和异质性特征分析

利用多时段景观遥感制图信息和景观格局研究方法 ,对深圳市龙华地区快速城市化过程中林地组分的结构特征进行了动态分析 ,重点研究了该组分在 1 988～ 1 996年期间的一般结构特征和空间分布差异的动态变化情况。结果表明研究时段内 ,龙华地区由于快速城市化过程导致林地受到强烈的分割和转化影响 ,总面积损失了 4 9% ,并导致碎裂化、相邻度等景观结构特征发生显著变化。林地的动态变化过程可以分成两个阶段 ,1 988～ 1 992年为大面积林地的碎裂化阶段 ,1 992～ 1 996年为小面积残遗斑块被大量转化阶段 ,最终使原来环绕龙华盆地周围的连续林地分布区域被分割成几个孤立的岛屿。1 988年工作区内林地呈低孔隙度水平的宏观异质性分布 ,1 992年呈随机分布 ,1 996年为高孔隙度水平的宏观异质性分布。研究还表明信息熵法和孔隙度指数可以优势互补 ,二者同时使用有助于全面了解景观异质性细节信息。

Landscape structure study of Longhua Area in Shenzhen City during the fast urbanization processStructure and heterogeneity analysis of forest land

Remotely sensed mapping data and methods of landscape structure analysis were used to study the structure and dynamics of forest patches during the fast urbanization process of Longhua Area,Shenzhen City.The key points of the study are the changes of the ordinary structure features and spatial distribution of the forest from 1988 to 1996.Results indicated that during the study period,the fast urbanization process have made strong cutting and transforming impacts on forest,the total area losing approached 49%,landscape structure characteristics such as fragmentation and neighborhood indices changed significantly.The changing process of forest patches can be divided into two stages.In the first stage from 1988 to 1992,some big forest patches were cut to small ones,and made the patch amount increase to the peak value in 1992.The second stage was from 1992 to 1996,since a lot of small forest patches were used for the expanding of town area,the former continuously distributed forests have been divided into several isolated patches.Three types of distribution pattern were identified in this study.In 1988,forest spatial distribution in the study area showed macroscopic heterogeneity with low lacunarity value;but because of patch fragmentation,it looked like a little bit random distribution in 1992;and in 1996,the distribution became macroscopic heterogeneity again with higher lacunarity value than 1988.Advantages of information entropy and lacunarity index methods can be good supplement for each other,so using both of them simultaneously can make us acquire more detailed information of landscape heterogeneity.