Rho-kinase phosphorylates PAR-3 and disrupts PAR complex formation |
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Authors: | Nakayama Masanori Goto Takaaki M Sugimoto Masayuki Nishimura Takashi Shinagawa Takafumi Ohno Sigeo Amano Mutsuki Kaibuchi Kozo |
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Affiliation: | Department of Cell Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan. |
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Abstract: | A polarity complex of PAR-3, PAR-6, and atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) functions in various cell polarization events. PAR-3 directly interacts with Tiam1/Taim2 (STEF), Rac1-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors, and forms a complex with aPKC-PAR-6-Cdc42*GTP, leading to Rac1 activation. RhoA antagonizes Rac1 in certain types of cells. However, the relationship between RhoA and the PAR complex remains elusive. We found here that Rho-kinase/ROCK/ROK, the effector of RhoA, phosphorylated PAR-3 at Thr833 and thereby disrupted its interaction with aPKC and PAR-6, but not with Tiam2. Phosphorylated PAR-3 was observed in the leading edge, and in central and rear portions of migrating cells having front-rear polarity. Knockdown of PAR-3 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) impaired cell migration, front-rear polarization, and PAR-3-mediated Rac1 activation, which were recovered with siRNA-resistant PAR-3, but not with the phospho-mimic PAR-3 mutant. We propose that RhoA/Rho-kinase inhibits PAR complex formation through PAR-3 phosphorylation, resulting in Rac1 inactivation. |
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