黑龙江省近年审定水稻品种基于SSR标记的遗传多样性分析

为评估黑龙江省水稻品种的遗传基础,利用24个用于水稻DNA指纹图谱构建的SSR标记以及其他均匀分布于水稻12条染色体的38个SSR标记,对黑龙江省近年审定的73个水稻常规稻品种进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,在62个SSR标记位点中,共检测到142个等位基因,平均每个标记2.3个,多态性比率平均为71.0%,多态性频率变幅为0~0.775,平均值为0.246。供试品种间两两遗传相似系数的平均值为0.759,变幅为0.622~0.966,且96.4%的品种间遗传相似系数在0.66~0.86之间,表明供试的73个品种亲缘关系较近。通过SSR标记基因型聚类分析将这些品种划分为6个类群,与系谱分析趋势一致,类群间的差异主要表现在生育期和米质方面。综上所述,黑龙江省近年审定的水稻品种遗传基础狭窄,在育种中需要导入新的种质资源,加强种质资源创新,以期丰富水稻品种的遗传多样性,进一步提高水稻产量和抗性。

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Registered Rice Varieties in Heilongjiang Province Based on SSR Markers

To evaluate the genetic diversity of major rice varieties registered in Heilongjiang province in the past two decades, 73 conventional rice varieties were collected and genotyped with a set of 62 SSR markers well distributed on all the 12 rice chromosomes, including 24 SSR markers used in rice DNA fingerprint database of China. The results showed that a total of 142 alleles among these varieties were identified at all of 62 SSR markers loci, with an average of 2.3 alleles per marker locus, and 71.0% of the SSR markers were polymorphic between varieties, and the values of the frequency of polymorphism ranged from 0.000 to 0.775 with an average of 0.246. The 73 varieties existed highly similarity, the genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.622 to 0.966 with an average of 0.759, and 96.4% of the tested varieties showed the genetic similarity coefficient from 0.66 to 0.86. The 73 varieties were clustered into 11 groups based on the genotyping data, which consisted with pedigree information of these varieties. The major differences among these groups were detected on maturity and grain quality. Based on our results, the genetic background was very narrow in the registered varieties in Heilongjiang province in the past two decades. It is necessary to introgress diversified germplasm and enhance germplasm innovation in the conventional rice breeding program for further increase of rice yield and stress tolerance in Heilongjiang province.