小麦-冰草新种质普冰2011姊妹系的育种效应分析

远缘杂交是小麦改良的重要途径之一,但在获得稳定创新种质的过程中,通常会衍生出众多的姊妹系,对这些姊妹系进行系统的农艺性状考察和重要性状的基因型分析是进一步利用的基础。本研究对小麦-冰草(Agropyron cristatum,PPPP)远缘杂交过程中获得的205个普冰2011姊妹系进行了综合农艺性状评价和重要性状的基因型分析。结果表明,205个普冰2011姊妹系田间表现相近,其遗传相似系数范围为0.985~0.999,在15个单一性状上的变异系数范围为0.54%~20.21%;205个姊妹系成株期均抗白粉病,其中204个姊妹系成株期抗条锈病,2个姊妹系苗期抗条锈病;112个姊妹系含有优质亚基5+10,其中4个同时含有优质亚基2*和5+10;普冰2011-2的春化基因组成为(vrn-A1、vrn-B1、Vrn-D1和vrn-B3),其余204个姊妹系为(vrn-A1、vrn-B1、vrn-D1和vrn-B3),205个姊妹系均含有光周期基因Ppd-D1a,为光不敏感型材料。通过进一步分析,从7个高产姊妹系中筛选出3个高产、稳产、抗倒伏的姊妹系可直接用于新品种选育,另外7个姊妹系在丰产性、品质和抗病性等个别性状上表现突出,可作为育种亲本加以利用。

Breeding achievement analysis of novel wheat-Agropyron cristatum germplasm sister lines Pubing2011

Distant hybridization is one of the important ways for wheat improvement, but a number of sister lines were usually derived in the process of obtaining stable novel germplasm. Thus how to scientifically deal with these sister lines is an urgent problem to be solved. In order to provide theoretical guidance to the effective utilization of different innovated sister lines, 205 sister lines "Pubing2011" obtained by wheat-Agropyron cristatum distant hybridization, were analyzed through agronomic characters evaluation of the conventional breeding, identification of powdery mildew and stripe rust resistance and HMW-GS composition, detection of vernalization and photoperiod genes. The results showed that 205 sister lines were similar with the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.9854-0.9999, however, they showed some differences that the coefficient of variation of different characters was in the range of 0.54%-20.21%. 205 lines conferred adult-plant resistance to powdery mildew, 204 of them conferred adult-plant resistance to stripe rust, two of them conferred seedling resistance to stripe rust. 112 sister lines carried high quality subunits 5 10, including 4 lines with both 2* and 5 10. The composition of vernalization genes of Pubing2011-2 was (vrn-A1, vrn-B1, Vrn-D1, vrn-B3), the others were (vrn-A1, vrn-B1, vrn-D1, vrn-B3), the photoperiod gene at the Ppd-D1 locus of the 205 lines was Ppd-D1a with non-sensitive character. Further analysis showed that three high and stable yield and lodging resistant sister lines could be used directly in the production practice, eight outstanding sister lines could be used as parents to improve the yielding ability, quality and disease resistance of common wheat.