The annual cycle of wing-moult and breeding in the Wattled Starling Creatophora cinerea

Moult, breeding and seasonal occurrence of the Wattled Starling Creatophora cinerea throughout its range in Africa are reviewed based on data from museum specimens and the published literature. Neither moult nor breeding follows a rigid seasonal pattern, although there are some regional differences, and overlap between moult and breeding is unlikely. The regular occurrence of interrupted wing-moult may be associated with nomadic movements rather than opportunistic breeding.