Tree rings in tree species of a seasonal semi-deciduous forest in southern Brazil: wood anatomical markers,annual formation and radial growth dynamic |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP) – Campus São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências e Matemática, Rua Pedro Vicente, 625, São Paulo 01109-010, SP, Brazil;2. EMBRAPA – Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária / Embrapa Florestas, Estrada da Ribeira km 111, Colombo, 83411-000, PR, Brazil;3. Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, 80210-170, PR, Brazil;4. Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid km 380, Londrina, 86057-970, PR, Brazil;1. Luiz de Queiroz School of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil;2. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, Centro de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Renovables (CONICET – Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016GCA, Córdoba, Argentina;3. Federal University of Goiânia, Campus Samambaia, Avenida Esperança, Vila Itatiaia, CEP 74001-970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil;1. National Agrarian University La Molina. Faculty of Forest Sciences, Herbarium MOL, Peru;2. Department of Forest Sciences, Wood Anatomy and Tree-Ring Laboratory, College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz’’, ESALQ/University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13.418-900, Brazil;1. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Departamento de Botánica, BIOAPLIC, Escola Politécnica Superior de Enxeñaría, Campus Terra, 27002 Lugo, Spain;2. Wageningen University, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands;1. Laboratórios de Recursos Florestais, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Ulysses Gaboardi, Km 03, Curitibanos, SC, 89520-000, Brazil;2. Laboratório de Anatomia, Identificação e Densitometria de Raios-X em Madeira, ESALQ/Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 13418- 900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil;3. Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), Av. Unisinos 950, São Leopoldo, RS, 93022-750, Brazil;4. Hémera Centro de Observación de la Tierra, Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile;5. Laboratorio de Dendrocronología e Historia Ambiental, IANIGLA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo), Mendoza, Argentina;1. Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Maracanã, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;2. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Florestas, Estrada da Ribeira, km 111—P.O. Box 319, 83411-000 Colombo, PR, Brazil;3. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal—UERJ, Brazil;1. University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS). Av. Unisinos, 950, Cristo Rei, 93022-750 São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil;2. Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Escola de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ) – Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Av. Pádua Dias, 11 - Cx. Postal 9 CEP, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Tree rings provide valid predictions regarding species age and growth rates and, therefore, they can contribute to understand forest dynamics and ecology. In this work, we evaluated the tree rings of eight tree species from different successional groups that show distinct degrees of deciduousness in a seasonal semi-deciduous forest located in a transition zone between subtropical and the tropical climates in southern Brazil. We focused on wood anatomical markers, the annual nature of tree-ring formation, the description of false rings, a cross-dating analyses and an interpretation of the radial increment dynamics of the species. We sampled increment cores at breast height, performed cambial wounding and measured tree-ring widths. Annual tree rings were found in seven species, which were confirmed by cambium wounding. Differences in fiber wall thickness between latewood and earlywood and the marginal parenchyma were the main anatomical markers observed. Deciduous species had better distinction of tree ring boundaries, while the evergreen species had slightly distinct tree ring boundaries. False rings were characterized by variations in wood density and axial parenchyma bands of different widths within true tree rings. The annual tree ring confirmation and the anatomical description of the true and false rings are useful for future dendroecological research in the area. Considering the cross-dating analyses and tree-ring distinctiveness, Chrysophyllum gonocarpum is a recommended species. Regarding radial growth, the early secondary species had higher growth rates than the late secondary species. Assessing the growth trajectories over time, distinct patterns were observed among the species: a constant growth, an initial increase followed by a reduction, and oscillations of the growth were observed. As no consistent pattern of the growth trajectories was observed among species that belong to the same successional groups, they contribute to the explanation of the particular life history of these individuals in the seasonal semi-deciduous forest. |
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| Keywords: | Annual increment Atlantic Forest Dendrochronology False rings Seasonality Tropical species |
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