Sustained efficacy of the novel topical repellent TT‐4302 against mosquitoes and ticks |
| |
Authors: | B W BISSINGER M K KENNEDY S P CARROLL |
| |
Institution: | 1. TyraTech, Inc., Morrisville, NC, U.S.A.;2. Carroll‐Loye Biological Research, Davis, CA, U.S.A. |
| |
Abstract: | Mosquitoes and ticks are blood‐feeding pests of humans and animals that can vector many important aetiological agents of disease. Previous research demonstrated that TT‐4302 (Guardian® Wilderness) containing 5% geraniol applied to human subjects gave 5–6 h of repellency against mosquitoes (depending on species) and was repellent to ticks in vitro. This study was conducted to obtain an independent third‐party evaluation of TT‐4302 against Stegomyia aegypti (= Aedes aegypti) (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes and to test the efficacy of the product in the field against ticks. TT‐4302 provided an average of 6.5 h of repellency of ≥ 95% Weibull mean protection time: 7.4 h, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.8–11.3 h] for St. aegypti, whereas a 15% DEET formulation provided 4.7 h of repellency (Weibull mean protection time: 5.2 h, 95% CI 3.7–6.9 h). In tick field trials, the efficacy of TT‐4302 did not differ significantly from that of a 25% DEET formulation against Amblyomma americanum (Ixodida: Ixodidae). TT‐4302 was 81.3% repellent at 2.5 h after application, whereas DEET was 77.2% repellent at the same time‐point. Results at 3.5 h after application were 71.4% for TT‐4302 and 72.9% for DEET. |
| |
Keywords: | Amblyomma americanum Stegomyia aegypti DEET geraniol |
|
|