植物过氧化物酶体在活性氧信号网络中的作用

过氧化物酶体是高度动态、代谢活跃的细胞器，主要参与脂肪酸等脂质的代谢及产生和清除不同的活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)。ROS是细胞有氧代谢的副产物。当胁迫长期作用于植物，过量的ROS会引起氧胁迫，损害细胞结构和功能的完整性，导致细胞代谢减缓，活性降低，甚至死亡；但低浓度的ROS则作为分子信号，感应细胞ROS/氧化还原变化，从而触发由环境因素导致的过氧化物酶体动力学以及依赖ROS信号网络改变而产生快速、特异性的应答。ROS也可以通过直接或间接调节细胞生长来控制植物的发育，是植物发育的重要调节剂。此外，过氧化物酶体的动态平衡由ROS、过氧化物酶体蛋白酶及自噬过程调节，对于维持细胞的氧化还原平衡至关重要。本文就过氧化物酶体中ROS的产生和抗氧化剂的调控机制进行综述，以期为过氧化物酶体如何感知环境变化，以及在细胞应答中，ROS作为重要信号分子的研究提供参考。

The Role of Plant Peroxisomes in ROS Signalling Network

Peroxisomes, which participate in fatty acids and lipid metabolism, are highly dynamic and metabolically active organelles that have different reactive oxygen species (ROS) producing and scavenging systems. The ROS is the byproduct of cell aerobic metabolism, and it would accumulate in cells when plants are exposed to the various environmental stresses. Over-accumulation of ROS can give rise to oxidative stress, impair the integrity of cell structure, reduce cell metabolism, or even result in cell death. But when produced at low concentrations it can act as signalling molecules, that sense ROS/redox changes in the cell and thus trigger rapid and specific responses to environmental cues. ROS is important regulator of plant development by directly or indirectly regulating cell growth. Moreover, maintenance and dynamics of peroxisome is critical for cellular redox balance and is regulated by ROS, peroxisomal proteases and autophagic processes. This review focuses on the production of ROS in peroxisomes and its regulation by antioxidants, with a view to providing a reference for future research regarding the roles of peroxisomes and roles in cell signalling processes and respond to environmental challenges.