胃癌的过继性免疫治疗研究进展

胃癌是目前世界上发病率及致死率较高的恶性肿瘤之一,在东亚地区尤其显著。针对胃癌的治疗手段仍是传统的手术联合化疗、放疗为主,尽管靶向药物治疗提供了新的选择,但其对晚期胃癌的疗效仍然有限。胃癌的免疫治疗作为独特的治疗手段,在近十多年发展较为活跃,特别是过继性免疫治疗手段不断有创新。过继性免疫治疗主要依赖回输具有抗肿瘤活性的细胞,目前回输的细胞由具有非特异性抗肿瘤作用向具有特异性抗肿瘤作用演变,特别是嵌合性抗原T细胞治疗的出现,为进展期胃癌患者提供了有一种潜在的选择。本文对胃癌过继性免疫治疗中采用的不同免疫活性细胞的作用机制、临床应用等进行总结,并针对其不足提出利用基因工程技术增强治疗靶向性、降低免疫逃逸的研究方向。

Advances in Adoptive Immunotherapy of Gastric Cancer

ABSTRACT: Gastric cancer is one of malignant tumors with high incidence and mortality in the present world, especially in East Asia. The main therapeutic method is the traditional surgery combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Although the targeted therapy is a new choice for patients with advanced gastric cancer, the treatment outcomes are still limited. Immunotherapy is an unique treatment for cancers and has been developed actively in the last ten years. As a part of immunotherapy, we have made new progress in adoptive immunotherapy. As a common treatment of adoptive immunotherapy, adoptive cell therapy is the transfusion of antitumor immunocompetent cells into a cancer patient. The Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a potential treatment for advanced gastric cancer patients. We summarized functional mechanism and clinical applications when adopting different kinds of immunocompetent cell in this article. The further research is needed to improve tumor targeting and to avoid immune escape by genetic engineering technology.