Viral clones from the GOS expedition with an unusual photosystem-I gene cassette organization

Cyanobacteria have a key role in marine photosynthesis, which contributes to the global carbon cycle and to the world oxygen supply. Genes encoding for photosystem-II (PSII) and photosystem-I (PSI) reaction centers are found in different cyanophage genomes, and it was suggested that the horizontal transfer of these genes might be involved in increasing phage fitness. We have further analyzed a rare viral Global Ocean Sampling (GOS) clone containing PSI genes. This clone contains the unusual PSI gene organization psaD->C->A, as opposed to the more frequently observed viral psaJF->C->A->B->K->E->D organization, and was detected only once in the GOS metagenome. Our analyses identified more occurrences with similar arrangement and indicate that this PSI viral gene organization (now psaD->C->A->B), although rare, is authentic and represents a new PSI gene arrangement.