光谱多样性在植物多样性监测与评估中的应用

光谱多样性是一种基于植物反射电磁辐射光谱的生物多样性维度, 反映了不同波段光谱反射率在植物种内与种间个体之间的变异程度。由于植物反射光谱特征的差异可以综合地反映植物间生化组分和形态特征的差异, 光谱多样性成为植物多样性监测和评估的重要技术手段。该文介绍了光谱多样性的概念及其生态学意义, 比对了多源、多平台光谱数据各自的技术优势和局限性, 并概述了基于光谱多样性的植物多样性监测和评估方法及其应用, 探讨了光谱多样性整合不同维度生物多样性的能力, 展望了光谱多样性在生物多样性研究中的发展前景。光谱多样性能在多空间尺度服务于植物多样性的监测与评估, 特别是依托基于无人机技术的近地面遥感, 可以实现精细尺度植物多样性的监测与评估, 在生物多样性的保护和管理中具有广阔的应用前景。

Application of spectral diversity in plant diversity monitoring and assessment

Spectral diversity is a biodiversity dimension based on electromagnetic radiation spectrum reflected by plant, showing the variation of spectral reflective ratio in different bands among interspecific and intraspecific plant individuals. Spectral diversity has become an important technique for plant diversity monitoring and assessment since the differences of spectral reflectance can comprehensively indicate the differences of biochemical components and morphological and structural characteristics among plants. Here we introduce the concept of spectral diversity and its ecological significance, compare the technical advantages and disadvantages among multiple sources and platforms producing spectral data, summarize the monitoring and evaluation methodologies of plant diversity based on the applications of spectral diversity, and discuss the ability of spectral diversity to integrate different biodiversity dimensions and the prospect of the application of spectral diversity in biodiversity research. Spectral diversity will serve the monitoring and assessment of plant diversity at multiple spatial scales, especially combined with near-ground remote sensing based on unmanned aerial vehicle technology, can achieve fine-scale monitoring and assessment of plant diversity, and thus has broad application prospects in biodiversity conservation and management.