脐带间充质干细胞的生物学特性及旁分泌作用的研究进展

脐带是由胚胎外中胚层和/或胚胎中胚层发育而来的组织，脐带间充质干细胞是具有自我更新、多向分化以及高度增殖潜能的多功能干细胞。研究证明，脐带间充质干细胞具有以下功能：参与炎症反应，抑制炎症因子分泌并促进免疫调节；参与受损伤组织的治疗与修复使其再生并改善特定疾病症状；抑制肿瘤增殖和迁移以及促进其凋亡等。然而目前尚未明确以上功能是间充质干细胞本身发挥作用，还是其分泌的相关因子对机体修复产生作用。主要对脐带间充质干细胞的定义、来源、生物学特性、分泌功能等方面的研究进展进行了综述，旨在更好地利用间充质干细胞修复组织，以期为脐带间充质干细胞的后续研究提供参考依据。

Research Progress on the Biological Characteristics and Paracrine Effects of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells

The umbilical cord is a tissue developed from the embryonic outer mesoderm and/or embryonic mesoderm. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells are multifunctional stem cells with self-renewal， multi-directional differentiation and high proliferation potential. Studies have shown that umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells have following functions： participating in inflammatory response， inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory factors and promoting immune regulation； participating in the treatment and repair of injured tissue to regenerate and improving the symptoms of specific diseases； inhibiting tumor proliferation and migration and promoting its apoptosis. However， it is not clear whether the mesenchymal stem cells themselves or the related factors secreted by mesenchymal stem cells were responsible for body repair. This article mainly reviewed the progress in the definition， source， biological characteristics and secretory function of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells， which aimed to make use of the ability of mesenchymal stem cells to repair tissue， and provide references for the follow-up research of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells.