植物ESCRT复合体的功能研究进展

真核细胞中,功能高度保守的内体蛋白分选转运装置ESCRT在胞吞途径和蛋白分泌途径中均扮演重要角色。植物细胞中,该装置包含ESCRT-Ⅰ、ESCRT-Ⅱ、ESCRT-Ⅲ和VPS4/SKD1复合体4个亚基,但缺乏ESCRT-0亚基。ESCRT的每个亚基均由多个蛋白构成。目前,针对ESCRT的研究已经证实,其在泛素化的膜蛋白进入多囊泡体/液泡前体(MVB/PVC)内腔过程中发挥重要调控作用;同时在自噬途径以及应对环境胁迫等方面也具有重要的调节功能。该文首先介绍了植物中ESCRT复合体的组成及生物学功能,然后总结了植物中特有ESCRT复合体组分蛋白的最新研究进展,最后探讨了有关ESCRT复合体研究中尚未解决的重要科学问题。

Research Advances of the Plant ESCRT Machinery

In eucaryotic cells, the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery, consisting of the conserved multiple sub-complexes, plays important roles in both endocytic and secretory pathways. In plant cells, the ESCRT machinery consists of four ESCRT complexes (ESCRT-I, -II, -III, and the VPS4/SKD1 complex) and several ESCRT accessory proteins, but lacks of the ESCRT-0. Every ESCRT complex contains several subunit proteins. Recent researches have demonstrated that the ESCRT machinery plays an essential role in the vacuolar sorting of ubiquitinated membrane proteins via regulation the biogenesis of multivesicular body (MVB)/PVC (prevacuolar compartment) and autophagic pathway. Recent researches have demonstrated that the ESCRT machinery plays an essential role in the vacuolar sorting of ubiquitinated membrane proteins via regulation the biogenesis of multivesicular body (MVB)/PVC (prevacuolar compartment) and autophagosome as well as response to environmental stresses. In this review, we firstly introduce the subunits and biological functions of the ESCRT machinery in plants, and then summarize the latest research advances on the plant-specific ESCRT complex components. Finally, we discuss future study on the unsolved scientific problems of the ESCRT complex in plants.