The human placenta is a hematopoietic organ during the embryonic and fetal periods of development |
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Authors: | Alicia Bárcena Mirhan Kapidzic Matthew Gormley Jingly F Weier Susan J Fisher |
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Institution: | a Institute for Regeneration Medicine, Human Embryonic Stem Cell Program, Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, HSE-1619, San Francisco, California 94143-0512, USA b Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA c Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA d Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA |
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Abstract: | We studied the potential role of the human placenta as a hematopoietic organ during embryonic and fetal development. Placental samples contained two cell populations—CD34++CD45low and CD34+CD45low—that were found in chorionic villi and in the chorioamniotic membrane. CD34++CD45low cells express many cell surface antigens found on multipotent primitive hematopoietic progenitors and hematopoietic stem cells. CD34++CD45low cells contained colony-forming units culture (CFU-C) with myeloid and erythroid potential in clonogenic in vitro assays, and they generated CD56+ natural killer cells and CD19+CD20+sIgM+ B cells in polyclonal liquid cultures. CD34+CD45low cells mostly comprised erythroid- and myeloid-committed progenitors, while CD34− cells lacked CFU-C. The placenta-derived precursors were fetal in origin, as demonstrated by FISH using repeat-sequence chromosome-specific probes for X and Y. The number of CD34++CD45low cells increased with gestational age, but their density (cells per gram of tissue) peaked at 5-8 wk, decreasing more than sevenfold at the onset of the fetal phase (9 wk of gestation). In addition to multipotent progenitors, the placenta contained myeloid- and erythroid-committed progenitors indicative of active in situ hematopoiesis. These data suggest that the human placenta is an important hematopoietic organ, raising the possibility of banking placental hematopoietic stem cells along with cord blood for transplantation. |
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Keywords: | AGM aorta-gonad-mesonephros APC allophycocyanin BFU-E burst-forming unit-erythroid CFU-C colony-forming unit culture Epo erythropoietin FACS fluorescence-activated cell sorter FL Flt-3/Flk-2 ligand PI propidium iodide SDM serum-deprived medium TPO thrombopoietin UCB umbilical cord blood |
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