Do new Access and Benefit Sharing procedures under the Convention on Biological Diversity threaten the future of biological control? |
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Authors: | Matthew J W Cock Joop C van Lenteren Jacques Brodeur Barbara I P Barratt Franz Bigler Karel Bolckmans Fernando L Cônsoli Fabian Haas Peter G Mason José Roberto P Parra |
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Institution: | 1.CABI Europe-Switzerland,Delémont,Switzerland;2.Laboratory of Entomology,Wageningen University,Wageningen,The Netherlands;3.Institut de recherche en biologie végétale,Université de Montréal,Montréal,Canada;4.AgResearch Limited,Invermay Agricultural Centre,Mosgiel,New Zealand;5.Agroscope Reckenholz-T?nikon Research Station ART,Zurich,Switzerland;6.Koppert B.V.,Berkel en Rodenrijs,The Netherlands;7.Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia,ESALQ/USP,Piracicaba,Brazil;8.Icipe,Nairobi,Kenya;9.Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,Ottawa,Canada |
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Abstract: | Under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) countries have sovereign rights over their genetic resources. Agreements
governing the access to these resources and the sharing of the benefits arising from their use need to be established between
involved parties i.e. Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS)]. This also applies to species collected for potential use in biological
control. Recent applications of CBD principles have already made it difficult or impossible to collect and export natural
enemies for biological control research in several countries. If such an approach is widely applied it would impede this very
successful and environmentally safe pest management method based on the use of biological diversity. The CBD is required to
agree a comprehensive Access and Benefit Sharing process in 2010, in preparation for which the IOBC (International Organization
for Biological Control of Noxious Animals and Plants) Global Commission on Biological Control and Access and Benefit Sharing
has prepared this position paper. Here, we first describe the practice of biological control in relation to the principles
of ABS, illustrated extensively by case studies and successes obtained with biological control. Next, we emphasise the very
limited monetary benefits generated in biological control when compared to other fields of ABS such as the collection of germplasm
for development of human drugs, chemical pesticides or crop cultivars. Subsequently, we inform the biological control community
of good ABS practice and challenges, and we hope to make clear to the community involved in ABS under the CBD the special
situation with regard to biological control. Finally, based on the non-commercial academic research model, we make recommendations
which would facilitate the practice of collection and exchange of biological control agents, propose a workable framework
to assist policy makers and biological control practitioners, and urge biological control leaders in each country to get involved
in the discussions with their national ABS contact point to take their needs into consideration. |
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