Carotenoid stabilized gold and silver nanoparticles derived from the Actinomycete Gordonia amicalis HS-11 as effective free radical scavengers |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007 India;2. Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007 India, India;3. Shimadzu Analytical (India) Pvt. Ltd, Andheri East, Mumbai 400059, India;4. Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007 India;1. Unit of Vector Control, Phytochemistry and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002 Tamil Nadu, India;2. Regional Medical Research Centre, Nehru Nagar, Belgaum 590010, Karnataka, India;3. Insect Behaviour Group, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy;1. Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Industrial Ecology, D. Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya sq., Moscow 125047, Russia;2. Department of Analytical, Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, I. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 2-4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya st., Moscow 119991, Russia;3. Department of Technology of Inorganic Substances and Electrochemical Processes, Faculty of Technology of Inorganic Substances and High Temperature Materials, D. Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya sq., Moscow 125047, Russia;4. Laboratory of High-Temperature Solution Crystallization, Department of Crystalline Material Growth, A. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Sciences, 59 Leninskii pr., Moscow 117333, Russia;5. S. Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 7 build. 2 60-letiya Oktyabrya pr., Moscow 117312, Russia;1. Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Nanjing 210014, PR China;2. Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;3. Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, PR China;1. Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551 Singapore, Singapore;2. Biological Materials Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai 600020, India;1. The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA;2. Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA;3. Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA |
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| Abstract: | The Actinomycete Gordonia amicalis HS-11 produced orange pigments when cultivated on n-hexadecane as the sole carbon source. When cells of this pigmented bacterium were incubated with 1 mM chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) or silver nitrate (AgNO3), pH 9.0, at 25 °C, gold and silver nanoparticles, respectively, were obtained in a cell associated manner. It was hypothesized that the pigments present in the cells may be mediating metal reduction reactions. After solvent extraction and High Performance Liquid Chromatography, two major pigments displaying UV–vis spectra characteristic of carotenoids were isolated. These were identified on the basis of Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry (APCI-MS) in the positive mode as 1′-OH-4-keto-γ-carotene (Carotenoid K) and 1′-OH-γ-carotene (Carotenoid B). The hydroxyl groups present in the carotenoids were eliminated under alkaline conditions and provided the reducing equivalents necessary for synthesizing nanoparticles. Cell associated and carotenoid stabilized nanoparticles were characterized by different analytical techniques. In vitro free radical scavenging activities of cells (control, gold and silver nanoparticle loaded), purified carotenoids and carotenoid stabilized gold and silver nanoparticles were evaluated. Silver nanoparticle loaded cells and carotenoid stabilized silver nanoparticles exhibited improved nitric oxide (NO) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities compared to their control and gold counterparts. This paper thus reports cell associated nanoparticle synthesis by G. amicalis, describes for the first time the role of carotenoid pigments in metal reduction processes and demonstrates enhanced free radical scavenging activities of the carotenoid stabilized nanoparticles. |
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| Keywords: | Nanoparticle Carotenoid Free radical scavenging activity |
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