Facile fabrication of eco-friendly nano-mosquitocides: Biophysical characterization and effectiveness on neglected tropical mosquito vectors |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Unit of Vector Control, Phytochemistry and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002 Tamil Nadu, India;2. Regional Medical Research Centre, Nehru Nagar, Belgaum 590010, Karnataka, India;3. Insect Behaviour Group, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy;1. Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Industrial Ecology, D. Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya sq., Moscow 125047, Russia;2. Department of Analytical, Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, I. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 2-4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya st., Moscow 119991, Russia;3. Department of Technology of Inorganic Substances and Electrochemical Processes, Faculty of Technology of Inorganic Substances and High Temperature Materials, D. Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya sq., Moscow 125047, Russia;4. Laboratory of High-Temperature Solution Crystallization, Department of Crystalline Material Growth, A. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Sciences, 59 Leninskii pr., Moscow 117333, Russia;5. S. Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 7 build. 2 60-letiya Oktyabrya pr., Moscow 117312, Russia;1. Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551 Singapore, Singapore;2. Biological Materials Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai 600020, India;1. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)—Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Industrial Chemistry Laboratory, Chennai 600 020, India;2. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)—Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Biological Materials Laboratory, Chennai 600 020, India;3. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India;1. Key Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens and Infections, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China;1. Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India;2. Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore 632 115, Tamil Nadu, India;3. Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia;4. Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore 632 115, India;5. Department of Biology Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;6. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia;7. Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Slangor, Malaysia;9. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda RD., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001 Taiwan, ROC;10. Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India;11. Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China;12. Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi 627 412, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India;13. Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) vectors are solely responsible for transmitting important diseases such as malaria, dengue, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis, lymphatic filariasis and Zika virus. Eco-friendly control tools of Culicidae vectors are a priority. In this study, we proposed a facile fabrication process of poly-disperse and stable silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using a cheap leaf extract of Ichnocarpus frutescens (Apocyanaceae). Bio-reduced Ag NPs were characterized by UV–vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The acute toxicity of I. frutescens leaf extract and green-synthesized Ag NPs was evaluated against larvae of the malaria vector Anopheles subpictus, the dengue vector Aedes albopictus and the Japanese encephalitis vector Culex tritaeniorhynchus. Compared to the leaf aqueous extract, Ag NPs showed higher toxicity against A. subpictus, A. albopictus, and C. tritaeniorhynchus with LC50 values of 14.22, 15.84 and 17.26 μg/mL, respectively. Ag NPs were found safer to non-target mosquito predators Anisops bouvieri, Diplonychus indicus and Gambusia affinis, with LC50 values ranging from 636.61 to 2098.61 μg/mL. Overall, this research firstly shed light on the mosquitocidal potential of I. frutescens, a potential bio-resource for rapid, cheap and effective synthesis of poly-disperse and highly stable silver nanocrystals. |
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| Keywords: | Green synthesis Nanotechnology Plant-borne larvicides |
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