1980—1999年大兴安岭灌木、草本和地被物林火碳释放估算

应用排放因子法，对大兴安岭林区1980-1999年间主要森林类型中灌木、草本和地被物因森林火灾释放的碳量及主要含碳温室气体量进行了估算．结果表明：不同森林类型灌木、草本和地被物的排放因子不同，以杜香-兴安落叶松林的灌木、草本和地被物层CO2排放因子最大，为93．08％，樟子松林最小，为82．56％；樟子松林CO和CxHy排放因子最大，分别为10．25％和0．84％，杜香-兴安落叶松林最小，分别为6．55％和0．30％．结合灌木、草本和地被物层生物量和碳储量数据，得出20年间大兴安岭典型森林类型灌木、草本和地被物层因森林火灾释放的总碳量为6．56Tg，年平均0．33Tg，约占全国森林火灾碳释放量的11．55％～16．30％；直接释放的含碳温室气体22．03Tg，其中CO2的释放量占总释放量的85．20％，CO占总释放量的14．21％，CxHy占总释放量的0．59％．

Estimation of carbon release from shrubs, herbages and litters in Daxing'an Mountains by forest fires in 1980-1999

By using emission factor (EF), this paper estimated the carbon release and the emission of carbon-containing gases from the shrubs, herbages and litters in main forest types in Daxing' an Mountains by forest fires in 1980-1999. The results showed that the EF of shrubs, herbages and litters differed in different forest types, with the maximum and minimum EF of CO2 being 93.08% and 82.56%, respectively in Ledum palustre - Larix gmelinii forest and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest, the maximum EF of CO and C(X)H(Y) being 10.25% and 0.84%, respectively in P. sylvestris var. mongolica forest, and the minimum EF of CO and C(X)H(Y) being 6.55% and 0.30%, respectively in L. palustre - L. gmelinii forest. Combined with the data of biomass and carbon storage of shrubs, herbages and litters in different forests, it was estimated that the total carbon release from shrubs, herbages and litters by forest fires from 1980 to 1999 accounted for 6.56 Tg and 0.33 Tg x a(-1), occupying 11.55%-16.30% of the total annual emissions in China by forest fires, and the emission of CO2, CO and C(x)H(y) was 22.03 Tg, accounting for 85.20%, 14.21% and 0.59% of the total carbon-containing gases emission, respectively.