Engineering Translation Components for Genetic Code Expansion |
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| Institution: | 1. The Texas A&M Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;2. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;3. Institute of Biosciences and Technology and Department of Translational Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA;4. Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA |
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| Abstract: | The expansion of the genetic code consisting of four bases and 20 amino acids into diverse building blocks has been an exciting topic in synthetic biology. Many biochemical components are involved in gene expression; therefore, adding a new component to the genetic code requires engineering many other components that interact with it. Genetic code expansion has advanced significantly for the last two decades with the engineering of several components involved in protein synthesis. These components include tRNA/aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, new codons, ribosomes, and elongation factor Tu. In addition, biosynthesis and enhanced uptake of non-canonical amino acids have been attempted and have made meaningful progress. This review discusses the efforts to engineer these translation components, to improve the genetic code expansion technology. |
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| Keywords: | genetic code ribosomes tRNA/aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase pair codons elongation factor Tu |
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