A new species of mammalian trypanosome,Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) bubalisi sp. nov., found in the freshwater leech Hirudinaria manillensis |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, The People’s Republic of China;2. Ecosystems and Environment Research Centre and Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK;1. National Animal Protozoa Laboratory & College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;2. Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;3. Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;4. Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;1. National Veterinary Research Institute in Pu?awy, Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, Aleja Partyzantów 56, 24-100 Pu?awy, Poland;2. USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Animal Parasitic Diseases Lab, BARC-East Building 1040, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, 10705 Beltsville, MD, USA;1. Public Health Agency of Canada, Agence de la Santé Publique du Canada, 200 René-Lévesque Blvd., Montréal, Québec H2Z 1X4, Canada;2. School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 357F South Academic Building, 116 St. and 85th Ave., Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada;3. Office of Campus Ministries, 110 E. 12th St. Hope College, Holland, MI 49423, United States;5. Saint Joseph High School, 2521 Stadium Dr., Saint Joseph, MI 49085, United States;1. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada;2. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada;3. Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada;1. Behavioural Ecology & Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;2. Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;3. Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;4. School of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia;5. UMR 7221 CNRS/MNHN, Muséum National d’Histoirie Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 7 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France;1. School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia;2. Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia;3. Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1370, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia;4. ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia;5. Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;6. Department of Surgery, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Leeches have long been considered potential vectors for the aquatic lineage of trypanosomes, while bloodsucking insects are generally considered as the vectors for the terrestrial lineage of trypanosomes. The freshwater leech, Hirudinaria manillensis, is a widely distributed species in southern China and could potentially act as the vector for trypanosomes. Prior to this study, no trypanosomes had been reported from this leech. However, in this study, leeches were collected from three different places in Guangdong province, China, and a large number of flagellates were isolated and successfully cultured in vitro. Based on morphology, these flagellates looked like a typical trypanosome species. Analysis was carried out on the molecular sequences of the 18S rRNA gene and the glycosomal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gGAPDH) gene. To our surprise, these flagellates were identified as likely to be a mammalian trypanosome belonging to the clade containing Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri but they are significantly different from the typical TthI and TthII stocks. Analyses of blood composition indicated that the source of the blood meal in these leeches was from the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). To further test if this flagellate from the freshwater leech was indeed a mammalian trypanosome, we transferred the trypanosomes cultured at 27–37 °C and they were able to successfully adapt to this mammalian body temperature, providing further supporting evidence. Due to the significant genetic differences from other related trypanosomes in the subgenus Megatrypanum, we propose that this flagellate, isolated from H. manillensis, is a new species and have named it Trypanosoma bubalisi. Our results indicate that freshwater leeches may be a potential vector of this new mammalian trypanosome. |
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| Keywords: | Morphology Cultivation Phylogenetic analysis Leech New species |
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