Bacterial community dynamics following antibiotic exposure in a trematode parasite |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;2. ANSES, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail - Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané, Unité Génétique Virale de Biosécurité, Ploufragan, France;3. UMR 1161 Virology ANSES/INRAE/ENVA, ANSES Animal Health Laboratory, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France;1. Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel;2. French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel;1. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vini?ná 7, 128 44, Prague, Czechia;2. Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV Pr?myslová 595, Vestec, Czechia;1. Behavioural Ecology & Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;2. Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;3. Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;4. School of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia;5. UMR 7221 CNRS/MNHN, Muséum National d’Histoirie Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 7 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France;1. National Veterinary Research Institute in Pu?awy, Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, Aleja Partyzantów 56, 24-100 Pu?awy, Poland;2. USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Animal Parasitic Diseases Lab, BARC-East Building 1040, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, 10705 Beltsville, MD, USA |
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| Abstract: | Parasites harbour rich microbial communities that may play a role in host-parasite interactions, from influencing the parasite’s infectivity to modulating its virulence. Experimental manipulation of a parasite’s microbes would be essential, however, in order to establish their causal role. Here, we tested whether indirect exposure of a trematode parasite within its snail intermediate host to a variety of antibiotics could alter its bacterial community. Based on sequencing the prokaryotic 16S ssrRNA gene, we characterised and compared the bacterial community of the trematode Philophthalmus attenuatus before, shortly after, and weeks after exposure to different antibiotics (penicillin, colistin, gentamicin) with distinct activity spectra. Our findings revealed that indirectly treating the parasites by exposing their snail host to antibiotics resulted in changes to their bacterial communities, measured as their diversity, taxonomic composition, and/or the relative abundance of certain taxa. However, alterations to the parasite’s bacterial community were not always as predicted from the activity spectrum of the antibiotic used. Furthermore, the bacterial communities of the parasites followed significantly divergent trajectories in the days post-exposure to antibiotics, but later converged toward a new state, i.e. a new bacterial community structure different from that pre-exposure. Our results confirm that a trematode’s microbial community can be experimentally altered by antibiotic exposure while within its snail host, with the dynamic nature of the bacterial assemblage driving it to a new state over time after the perturbation. This research opens new possibilities for future experimental investigations of the functional roles of microbes in host-parasite interactions. |
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| Keywords: | Antibiotics Bacterial communities Metabarcoding Microbiome |
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