Direct determination of glucuronide and sulfate of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine, the main metabolite of MDMA, in human urine |
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Authors: | Shima Noriaki Kamata Hiroe Katagi Munehiro Tsuchihashi Hitoshi Sakuma Tsutomu Nemoto Nobuo |
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Institution: | Forensic Science Laboratory, Osaka Prefectural Police Headquarters, 1-3-18 Hommachi, Chuo-Ward, Osaka, Japan. nori6499@amber.plala.or.jp |
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Abstract: | A sensitive and reliable LC-ESI-MS procedure for the simultaneous determination of MDMA and its five metabolites including 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine (HMMA) conjugates has been established following the synthesis of two HMMA conjugates, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine-glucuronide (HMMA-Glu) and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine-sulfate (HMMA-Sul). Pretreatment of urine samples with methanol and LC-MS employing a C(18) semi-micro column with a gradient elution program provided the successful separations and MS determinations of these analytes within 20 min. Upon applying the method to MDMA users' urine specimens, HMMA-Glu and HMMA-Sul have been directly determined, suggesting the superiority of sulfation to glucuronidation in the HMMA phase II metabolism. |
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