Use of 1H NMR to study transport processes in porous biosystems |
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Authors: | As H V Lens P |
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Institution: | (1) Wageningen NMR Centre and Laboratory of Molecular Physics, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA, Wageningen, Netherlands, NL |
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Abstract: | The operation of bioreactors and the metabolism of microorganisms in biofilms or soil/sediment systems are strongly dictated
by the transport processes therein. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allow
nondestructive and noninvasive quantification and visualisation (in case of MRI) of both static and dynamic water transport
phenomena. Flow, mass transfer and transport processes can be measured by mapping the (proton) displacement in a defined time
interval directly in a so-called pulsed field gradient (PFG) experiment. Other methods follow the local intensity in time-controlled
sequential images of water or labelled molecules, or map the effect of contrast agents. Combining transport measurements with
relaxation-time information allows the discrimination of transport processes in different environments or of different fluids,
even within a single picture element in an image of the porous biosystem under study. By proper choice of the applied NMR
method, a time window ranging from milliseconds to weeks (or longer) can be covered. In this paper, we present an overview
of the principles of NMR and MRI techniques to visualise and unravel complex, heterogeneous transport processes in porous
biological systems. Applications and limitations will be discussed, based on results obtained in (model) biofilms, bioreactors,
microbial mats and sediments. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2001) 26, 43–52.
Received 20 April 2000/ Accepted in revised form 14 August 2000 |
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Keywords: | : transport processes magnetic resonance microscopy diffusion dispersive flow bioreactors biofilms sludge porous media soils |
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