谷子籽粒蛋白质、脂肪、千粒重的遗传变异

以来自华北夏谷区、东北春谷区、西北高原早熟春谷区、西北高原中晚熟春谷区等4个主要谷子生态区的270个品种为材料,包括育成品种220份和地方品种50份,测定了籽粒千粒重、蛋白质和脂肪含量。结果表明:270份谷子品种平均蛋白质含量(11.18±1.14)%,脂肪含量(4.00±0.42)%,千粒重(2.87±0.28)g。育成品种的蛋白质含量显著低于地方品种蛋白质含量,而育成品种和地方品种的脂肪含量、千粒重差异不显著;不同生态区品种之间蛋白质含量、千粒重差异显著,但脂肪含量差异不显著。西北早熟春谷区品种蛋白质含量平均最高、千粒重最大,华北夏谷区品种蛋白质含量平均最低、千粒重最小;蛋白质含量和千粒重显著正相关,蛋白质含量、千粒重和生育期显著负相关。本研究报道了近30年来我国谷子主产区谷子品种的蛋白质、脂肪含量和千粒重的差异,对于谷子品质育种具有借鉴意义;研究认为谷子籽粒的蛋白质、脂肪含量和千粒重应作为品质育种的重要指标加以重视。

Genetic Variations of Protein Content,Fat Content and TGW in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.) in China

270 foxtail millet cultivars from the North China summer-sowing region (1NCSR),the northeast spring-sowing region (NSR),the northwest plateau early-maturing spring-sowing region (NESR) and the northwest plateau mid-late-maturing spring-sowing region (NMSR),including 220 improved cultivars and 50 landraces,were planted at Jinan in 2013.Thousand-grain weights (TGW) of foxtail millet cultivars were weighted.Crude protein and fat contents of kernels were measured by the kjeldah method and soxhlet extractor method,respectively.The average values of crude protein,crude fat contents and thousand-grain weight(TGW)of 270 foxtail millet cultivars were (11.18 ± 1.14) ％,(4.00 ± 0.42) ％ and (2.87 ± 0.28) g,respectively.The average value of crude protein content of 220 improved cultivars with (10.93 ± 1.12) ％ was significantly lower than that of 50 landraces with (12.28 ± 1.16) ％,while crude fat content and TGW of improved cultivars was no significant differences compared with that of landraces.Significant differences were observed for crude protein content and TGW of cultivars from different eco-regions,that of cuhivars from NESR were the highest,and that of the NCSR were the lowest.The average value of crude fat content of cuhivars from different eco-regions was no significant difference.Significantly positive correlation was observed between crude protein content and TGW,while significantly negative correlations were obtained among crude protein content,TGW and growth duration.This paper reported the main variation in protein content,fat content and TGW of foxtail millet from different eco-regions,which provided theoretical reference for quality breeding of foxtail millet.Protein content,fat content and TGW should be paid more attention on quality breeding of foxtail millet.