Direct in situ detection of cells in deep-sea sediment cores from the Peru Margin (ODP Leg 201, Site 1229)

Microbiological investigations of deep‐sea sediments recovered from the Peru Margin during the ODP Leg 201 (Hole 1229A, 1–110 mbsf) demonstrated that microoganisms were a consistent component throughout the profile. Optimization of the dilution factor and DAPI‐staining procedures for direct cell counts allowed the determination of the abundance of the entire microbial community, which was about 10⁸ cells per g dry sediment. Microbial diversity in discrete samples taken from the 110‐m profile was analysed using horseradish‐peroxydase‐rRNA‐probes. In general, the majority of the detected cells belonged to the Eubacteria kingdom with a dominance of sulphate‐reducing bacteria. The composition of the suflate‐reducing community varied with depth. Desulfobacteriaceae were dominant in the uppermost sulphate‐reducing zone and Desulfovibrionaceae at deeper depths in the upward diffusing sulphate‐rich brines. Both sulphate‐reducing groups were also detected in the methanogenic zone. Similarly, Archaea were detected throughout the profile, not only in the methanogenic zone but also in the upper and lower sulphate‐reducing zones.