Mitochondrial COII Introgression into the Nuclear Genome of Gorilla gorilla |
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Authors: | Wai Kwan Chung Michael E Steiper |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Anthropology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA;(2) Department of Anthropology, Programs in Anthropology and Biology, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA;(3) Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA |
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Abstract: | Numts are nonfunctional mitochondrial sequences that have translocated into nuclear DNA, where they evolve independently from
the original mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence. Numts can be unintentionally amplified in addition to authentic mtDNA, complicating
both the analysis and interpretation of mtDNA-based studies. Amplification of numts creates particular issues for studies
on the noncoding, hypervariable 1 mtDNA region of gorillas. We provide data on putative numt sequences of the coding mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII). Via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloning, we obtained COII sequences for gorilla, orangutan, and human high-quality DNA and also from a gorilla fecal DNA sample. Both gorilla and orangutan
samples yielded putative numt sequences. Phylogenetically more anciently transferred numts were amplified with a greater incidence
from the gorilla fecal DNA sample than from the high-quality gorilla sample. Data on phylogenetically more recently transferred
numts are equivocal. We further demonstrate the need for additional investigations into the use of mtDNA markers for noninvasively
collected samples from gorillas and other primates. |
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Keywords: | gorilla mtDNA noninvasive samples numts |
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