代谢工程改造酿酒酵母合成植物萜类D-柠檬烯的策略

植物萜类化合物是以异戊二烯为结构单位的一大类植物天然的次生代谢产物。D-柠檬烯属于单萜类化合物,由于它具有抑菌、增香、抗癌、止咳、平喘等多种功能,已被广泛应用于食品、香料、医疗等行业。目前D-柠檬烯的工业生产主要是从植物的果皮或者果肉中提取的,但提取方法存在着分离纯化复杂、产率低、能耗大等缺点。而本世纪初合成生物学技术的兴起,为微生物异源合成天然活性化合物带来了全新的理念与工具,打破了物种间的界限,使微生物异源合成D-柠檬烯成为现实。构建定向、高效的异源合成D-柠檬烯的微生物细胞工厂,实现微生物发酵法替换传统的植物提取法,具有重要的经济与社会效益。本文主要回顾了近几年利用代谢工程改造酿酒酵母异源合成萜类化合物取得的成就,阐述了以酿酒酵母作为底盘微生物,利用代谢工程和合成生物学的手段构建高产D-柠檬烯的合成策略。

Strategies of metabolic engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce plant-derived D-limonene

Plant terpenoids are the natural secondary metabolites derived from units of isoprene with a molecular formula of C₅H₈ from different types of plants. D-Limonene is recognized as monoterpene and widely used in food and medical industry because of many functions, such as anti-bacteriostasis, aroma enhancement, anti-cancer and anti-cough. At present, the industrial production of D-limonene is generally obtained by extraction from the peel or pulp of plants. However, the extraction of D-limonene from plants suffers from complex separation and purification, low efficiency and high energy consumption. At the beginning of this century, the rise of synthetic biology technology has brought new ideas and tools for the synthesis of natural active compounds, which has broken the boundary between species and has become a reality of synthesis of D-limonene from microbes. It is of great economic and social benefit to construct a targeted and efficient microbial cell factory for the synthesis of D-limonene, and to replace the traditional method of plant extraction with microbial fermentation. We reviewed recent achievements of metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to synthesize terpenoids and elaborated Saccharomyces cerevisiae as microbial chassis, using the method of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology to build high heterologous production of D-limonene synthetic strategies.