核辐射污染区真菌的分布及多样性研究

为揭示中国辐射污染区真菌多样性,了解辐射污染对辐射区土壤中真菌群落分布的影响。以中国辐射污染区某污染源为圆心,在其半径50 km范围内采集各类样品54份,依据其辐射剂量合并为高、中、低三组9份样品,采用不同处理方法及多种培养基对辐射区内真菌进行了分离筛选。共分离出真菌209株,通过形态学观察和鉴定,确定其分属于交链孢霉(Alternaria)、离蠕孢属(Bipolaris)、茎点霉属(Phoma)、Westerdykella、短梗霉属(Aureobasidium)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、青霉属(Penicillium)、根霉属(Rhizopus)、Kernia、毛壳属(Chaetomium)、葡萄穗霉属(Stachybotrys)、座孢霉属(Myrothecium)、镰孢属(Fusarium)、小克银汉霉属(Cunninghamella)、红酵母属(Rhodotorula)、隐球酵母属(Cryptococcus),共计16个属,其中曲霉属、隐球酵母属、青霉属和镰孢霉属菌株为主要菌群,分别占分离株的22.5%、19.1%、17.2%和11.0%。同时发现,辐射污染区真菌的群落丰富度及多样性明显受辐射污染程度的影响,各类菌株的分布呈现一定的分布规律。本研究首次分析了中国辐射污染区真菌的分布和多样性,并收集了大量辐射污染区真菌资源,为进一步研究该区域真菌耐辐射特性及探讨真菌耐辐射机理提供参考。

Preliminary Study on Fungi Distribution and Diversity in Nuclear Radiation Polluted Area

In order to reveal fungal diversity in China radiation polluted soils and learn the effects of radiation pollution on the fungal community distribution in the soil of the polluted area, fifty four soil samples were collected within the radius of 50 km from the center of circle of a certain radiation polluted sources, and amalgamated into 9 samples of 3 groups according to high, middle, and low level of the radiation dosage, isolated and screened the fungi in the radiation area adopting different treatments and many kinds of media. Totally two hundred and nine fungal strains were isolated and confirmed that they respectively belonged to 16 genera, Alternaria, Bipolaris, Phoma, Westerdykella, Aureobasidium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Kernia, Chaetomium, Stachybotrys, Myrothecium, Fusarium, Cunninghamella, Rhodotorula and Cryptococcus adopting morphological observation and characterization, among them the genera of Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, Penicillium, and Fusarium were the main communities, accounting for 22.5%, 19.1%, 17.2%, and 11.0% respectively. Meanwhile, it was found in the study that the community abundance and diversity of the fungi was obviously affected by the degrees of radiation acceptance, and the distribution of fungi assumed a certain laws. The study was the first time to reveal the distribution and diversity of fungi in the radiation polluted area in China, and collected fungal sources in large number, these provided research bases and scientific foundations for further studies on the fungal resistance against the radiation, as well as for investigation of the resistance mechanism against the radiation.