CRISPR/Cas技术及其在发酵菌株上的应用

发酵菌株的改良在发酵工业生产上通常是一项非常重要的内容,而传统的驯化模式周期长、效率低、稳定性差且成本高,很难满足工业化快速生产的要求。规律成簇间隔短回文重复Cas(Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas,CRISPR/Cas)是细菌及古生菌中的一种适应性免疫系统,在此系统上改进的基因编辑技术能实行RNA导向的DNA精准编辑。因而利用CRISPR/Cas基因编辑技术对菌株的快速构建和优化,是一条快速获得高产菌株的新途径。本文综述了CRISPR/Cas系统组成、工作原理、分类以及该技术在发酵菌株上的应用研究进展,并探索了该技术存在的问题以及目前的解决办法,最后对CRISPR/Cas技术在发酵工程上的潜力进行了展望。

CRISPR/Cas Technique and its Application on Fermentation Strains Research

Ferment strains improvement is a vital content in fermentation industry production ordinarily, and it is hard to meet the requirements of rapid industrial production by the screening scheme of traditional domestication because of its time consuming, inefficiency, instability and high cost. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas (CRISPR/Cas) a gene targeted editing technology improving, an adaptive immune system in bacteria and archabacteria that could edit gene based on this system by DNA accurate edition guided by RNA. Therefore, using CRISPR/Cas gene edition technology rapidly to establish and optimize strains is a novel efficient path to acquire high yielding fermentation strain. In this paper, the CRISPR/Cas components, working principle, classification and its advances in the application on fermentation strain optimization is reviewed. The problems faced by CRISPR/Cas technology are probed, and finally the potential of CRISPR/Cas in fermentation engineering is prospected.