Tetrapyrrole regulation of nuclear gene expression |
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Authors: | Brusslan Judy A Peterson Michael P |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90840-3702, USA |
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Abstract: | Tetrapyrroles are the structural backbone of chlorophyll and heme, and are essential for primary photochemistry, light harvesting,
and electron transport. The biochemistry of their synthesis has been studied extensively, and it has been suggested that some
of the tetrapyrrole biochemical intermediates can affect nuclear gene expression. In this review, tetrapyrrole biosynthesis,
which occurs in the chloroplast, and its regulation will be covered. An analysis of the intracellular location of tetrapyrrole
intermediates will also be included. The focus will be on tetrapyrrole intermediates that have been suggested to affect gene
expression. These include Mg-protoporphyrin IX and Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester. Recent evidence also suggests a
specific signaling role for the H subunit of Mg-chelatase, an enzyme that catalyzes the insertion of Mg into the tetrapyrrole
ring. Since gene expression studies have been done in plants and green algae, our discussion will be limited to these organisms.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. |
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Keywords: | chlorophyll biosynthesis HSP70 Lhcb1 Mg-chelatase photooxidative stress plastid-nuclear signaling plastid signal tetrapyrroles |
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