Human umbilical vein endothelium-derived exosomes play a role in foetoplacental endothelial dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus |
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Authors: | Tamara Sáez Rocío Salsoso Andrea Leiva Fernando Toledo Paul de Vos Marijke Faas Luis Sobrevia |
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Affiliation: | 1. Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile;2. Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;4. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain;5. Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán 3780000, Chile;6. University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Queensland, Australia |
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Abstract: | Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) characterizes by foetoplacental endothelial dysfunction. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from women with GDM show increased L-arginine transport via the human cationic amino acid transporter 1 (hCAT-1). Moreover, expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and nitric oxide synthesis are increased. Exosomes are increased in maternal plasma from GDM. We evaluated the role of foetoplacental endothelial exosomes on endothelial dysfunction in GDM. Exosomes were isolated from HUVECs from normal (ExN) and GDM (ExGDM) pregnancies. HUVECs were exposed (8 h) to ExN or ExGDM and used for wound recovery assay (up to 8 h), L-arginine transport, hCAT-1 and eNOS expression and activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and 44 and 42 kDa mitogen activated protein kinases (p44/42mapk) and protein kinase B/Akt (Akt) activation. Wound recovery was slower in GDM compared with normal pregnancies and was recovered by ExN. However, ExGDM delayed wound recovery in cells from normal pregnancies. GDM-increased L-arginine transport, hCAT-1 and eNOS expression and activity, and p44/42mapk activation were blocked by ExN, but ExGDM increased these parameters and ROS generation, and reduced eNOS phosphorylation at threonine495 in cells from normal pregnancies. Inhibition of p44/42mapk, but not Akt reversed GDM-increased L-arginine uptake. In conclusion foetoplacental endothelial-released exosomes play a role in the maintenance of a GDM phenotype in HUVECs. It is suggested that ExN and ExGDM cargo are different with differential effects in cells from normal or GDM pregnancies. This phenomenon could contribute to the understanding of mechanisms behind foetoplacental endothelial dysfunction in GDM pregnancies. |
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Keywords: | GDM Gestational diabetes mellitus eNOS Endothelial nitric oxide synthase hCAT-1 Human cationic amino transporter 1 HUVECs Human umbilical vein endothelial cells NO Nitric oxide NOS Nitric oxide synthase eNOS Endothelial nitric oxide synthase N Exosomes from HUVECs from normal pregnancies GDM Exosomes from HUVECs from GDM pregnancies Exosomes Diabetes Endothelium Arginine Nitric oxide Umbilical vein |
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